(单词翻译:单击)
[误] We got1 to the top of the mountain in daybreak.
[正] We got to the top of the mountain at day break.
[析] at用于具体时刻之前,如:sunrise, midday2, noon3, sunset4, midnight6, night.
[正] Don’t sleep in daytime.
[析] in 要用于较长的一段时间之内,如:in the morning / afternoon, 或 in the week / month / year. 或 in spring / supper /autumn / winter等等。
[误] We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.
[正] We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.
[析] in the morning, in the afternoon 如果在这两个短语中加入任何修饰词其前面的介词都要改为on, 如:on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th
[误] He became8 a writter at his twenties
[正] He became a writter in his twenties
[析]这句话应译为:他在20多岁时就成了作家。在某人的一段生活时间段中要用介词in来表示,而在具体岁数时用at来表示。
[误] He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.
[正] He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.
[析] 在具体年岁前用at, 如:at the age of 12, at your age,等等。
[误] We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.
[正] We went to swim in the river on a very hot day.
[析] 具体某一天要用介词on, 又如:on New Year‘s Day
[误] I’m looking forward10 to seeing you on Christmas.
[正] I’m looking for ward11 to seeing you at Christmas.
[析]在节日的当天用on,而全部节日期间用at,Christmas是圣诞节期间,一般要有两周或更长的时间。
[误] I haven’t see you during12 the summer holidays.
[正] I haven’t seen13 you since14 the beginning15 of the summer holidays.
[析] during表示在某一段时间之内,所以一般不与完成时搭配,如:I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而for表示一段时间,可以用于完成时,如:I haven‘t see you for a long time. 而through 用来表示时间时则为“整整,全部的时间”。如:It rained through the night.而since则是表达主句动作的起始时间,一般要与完成时连用。
[误] At entering16 the classroom, I heard the good news17.
[正] On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.
[析] On 加动名词表示“一……就”。本句的译文应是:我一进入教室就听见这个好消息了。又如:on hearing… 一听见, on arrival18 一到达就……(on表示动作的名词)
[误] In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
[正] At the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.
[析] at the begining与at the end都是指某事物的开始与结束部分,均不指时间范围,而in the beginning 则是指开始一段时间。in the end=at last是指“最终,终于”之意。
[误] Till20 the end of next week. I will have finished21 this work.
[正] By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.
[析] by 引起的时间状语表示了动作的截止点,其意思为“不迟于某一时刻将工作做完”,所以主句一般是完成时态。当然可以有将来时态,如:I‘ll be there by five o’clock.而till则表达其一动作一直持续到某一时刻,但句中的动词一定要用持续性动词,而瞬间的截止性动词应用其否定句式,如:I won‘t finish this work till(until) next weekend.
[误] He came9 to London before last weekend.
[正] He had22 come to London before last weekend.
[正] He came to London two weeks ago.
[析] before 一般要与完成时连用,而ago则与一般过去时连用。
[误] I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.
[正] I have studied English for three years since I came here.
[析] since用来表达主句动作的开始时间,所以其引出的从句中应为过去时,而不能用完成时态
[误] I can help you repair24 this bike. You will get it after two hours.
[正] I can help you repair this bike. You will get it in two hours.
[析]中文经常讲两小时之后来取,两天内会修好,而这个介词在英文中要用in而不要用after.其原因有二,①after 多用于过去时,如:I arrived in New York. After three days, I found25 a job in the bank. ② after 加时间是表达一个不确定的时间范围,如:after three days, 即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在许诺若干时间内会完成某事时,一定要用介词in.
[误] Three days after he died23.
[正] After three days he died.
[正] Three days later26 he died.
[析] after 与 later都可以用来表达一段时间之后,但它们所处的位置不同,after 在时间词前,而later在时间词后。
[误] She hid27 herself28 after the tree.
[正] She hid herself behind the tree.
[析] after多用来表达某动作之后,所以有的语法书中称它为动态介词,如:I run after him. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而behind则多用于静态事物之后。
[误] There is a beautiful bird on the tree.
[正] There is a beautiful bird in the tree.
[析] 树上长出的果实,树叶要用on, 而其他外来的人、物体均要用in the tree.
[误] Shanghai is on the east of China.
[正] Shanghai is in the east of China.
[析] 在表达地理位置时有3个介词:in, on, to. in表示在某范围之内; on表示与某地区接壤;to则表示不相接。如:Japan is to the east of China.
[误] I arrived at New York on July 2nd.
[正] I arrived in New York on July 2nd.
[析] at用来表达较小的地方,而in用来表达较大的地方。at常用于at the school gate, at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village.
[误] He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.
[正] He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.
[析] 在门牌号码前要用at, 并要注意它的惯用法:at the end of the street, at the foot of the mountain, at the top of the page.
[误] There is a colour TV set5 at the corner of the hall.
[正] There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.
[析] 在屋内的角落应用in,而墙的外角用at,如:There is a tree at the corner of the street.
[误] This weekend I’ll stay in Uncle Wang’s.
[正] This weekend I’ll stay at Uncle Wang’s.
[析] 要注意英文的特殊表达法,如:at a tailor’s shop (裁缝店)=at a tailor’s, at the doctor’s (去看病) at the bookseller’s (在书店) at uncle Wang’s (在王叔叔家)
[误] Do you know there is some good news on today’s newspaper?
[正] Do you know there is some good news in today’s newspaper?
[析] 在报纸上的新闻要用in, 而在具体某一版上,或某一页上则要用on.
[误] The school will begin on September 1st.
[正] School will begin on September 1st.
[析]这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程,即开学之意。要注意,有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词,如:at table (吃饭), When I came to Tom’s home, they were at table. 还有: at desk (学习),at work (工作) at school (上学), in hospital (住医院) at church29 作礼拜如加上定冠词则另有他意,如:at the school 即在学校工作或办事,in the hospital 即在医院工作或去看望病人。
[误] In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill30 time.
[正] On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.
[析]译文为:在去车站的路上我买了份报纸,为的是消磨时光“在……的路上”应用on one‘s way…。而 in the way 有挡道之意,如:Please move the chair it is in the way.
[误] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone31 broke32 into.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.
[正] Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into the office.
[析] in是表达一个静止状态,在与break连用时其后不加介词宾语,而into则是动态介词,与break连用时要加介词宾语。
[误] I’ll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.
[正] I’ll leave Beijing for Shanghai.
[正] I’ll leave for Shanghai.
[析] leave for 是离开某地去某处的固定搭配,不可将for改为别的介词。这样的搭配还有:start for 动身前往某处,set out for, sail34 for.
[误] I’m sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.
[正] I’m sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.
[析] get in, 与 get out是两个相反的词组。get in 为上车,而get out为下车,但语法家认为这里的in与out为副词,所以其后不能接名词,我们可以讲We’d better get in. 或We’d better get out. 还有一组词组有关上下车:get on/off33(a train, a ship, a struck35) get into/out of (a car, taxi…)
[误] Be careful The temperature36 of the water is ninety degrees37 over zero38.
[正] Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero.
[析] over 与 above 在作为比某物高的意思时有时可以互换。但在垂直方向上的高矮时,即正上方时则要用above.而泛指上方时用over.
[误] There is an old stone bridge39 above the river.
[正] There is an old stone bridge over the river.
[析] over还有一意为“跨越,横跨”。
[误] The Dead40 Sea is under the sea level41.
[正] The Dead Sea is below42 the sea level.
[析]在垂直下方要用below.也就是讲above与below互为反意词,over与under也是反意词。
[误] There is a big tree in the front of the house.
[正] There is a big tree in front of the house.
[析] in front of 是在物体外部的前面,而in the front of 是在物体内部的前面,如:The driver sits in the front of the bus.
[误] It took43 them two days to walk across44 the forest45.
[正] It took them two days to walk through the forest.
[析] across 作为介词有两个主要意思:① 横过,如:I want to walk across the street.② 对面,如:There is a post office across the street,而through 多用于三维空间中的穿越。across则多用于平面上的横过。如:The little girl ran46 across the room to meet her mother.
[误] The sun sets47 toward48 the west.
[正] The sun sets in the west.
[析] towards也可用作toward,它主要表达朝向某方向运动,但不一定到达,如:He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位east, west, north, south 时,其前面要用in.要注意的是这4个词可以用作副词,如:I went south. 也可用作名词,如:I went to the south.也可用作形容词,如:I went to the south part50 of China.
[误] Do you have no other clothes except51 those?
[正] Do you have no other clothes besides52 those?
[析] beside 是“在……旁边”,如:The students stood53 beside their teachers.而besides是“除……之外,不仅……而且……,除了……以外还有……”,如:I studied English besides French54, when I was55 in college56. 而except 则是从同一类物体中去掉某一部分,如:I come here every day except Sunday. 而except for 是指去掉不同种类的事物,如:The room is clean except for two chairs. 而except that则要加从句。
[误] Can I write the exam57 paper with ink?
[正] Can I write the exam paper with a pen?
[正] Can I write the exam paper in ink?
[析] with后要加拿得起来放得下的工具,而墨水、颜料等原料则要用in.
[误] I’m earlier today. I came here by his car.
[正] I’m earlier today. I came here in his car.
[析]在交通工具前加介词by,但不能再有任何指示代词或冠词,否则要改换相应的介词。by taxi=in a taxi
by train=in a train
by bicycle=on a bicycle
by ship=on a ship
by boat=in a boat
by bus=on a bus
by plane=on a plane
by air 空运
by sea 海运
on foot on horseback
by phone by letter by radio
[误] A lot of French wines60 are made61 of grape.
[正] A lot of French wines are made from grape.
[析] made of 是指由原材料到成品过程中原材料未发生质地的变化,而发生了某种变化则要用from,如:The desk was made of hard wood.
[误] This is a good dictionary62 in English grammar63.
[正] This is a good dictionary on English grammar.
[析]关于某方面的书籍、报告等有两个介词,其中on表示某专业用书,about则为某方面的普通读物,如:This is a book about physics64.即物理科普知识。
[误] Do you have the key of the door.
[正] Do you have the key to the door.
[析] key to the door门的钥匙。相同用法还有answer to the question, entrance65 to the highway66, danger67 to health68.千万不要用of.
[误] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest19 of collecting stamps.
[正] Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.
[析] have interest in是在某方面有兴趣。
[误] I didn’t do my homework, so the teacher was angry to me.
[正] I didn’t do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.
[析] be angry with其后接人,而be angry at其后接事。如:He was angry at what she said69.
[误] He was good for skating.
[正] He was good at skating.
[析] be good at 为“擅长某事”,而be good for somebody为对某人很好。
[误] It was good to you to help my little boy.
[正] It was good of you to help my little boy.
[析] 这句话应译为:你真太好了,帮助了我的小孩。而be good to somebody70 是对某人态度好。如:Her mother is good to everyone.
[误] My parents were very pleased71 at me.
[正] My parents were very pleased with me.
[正] My parents were very pleased at my studying.
[析] be pleased with后加somebody, 而be pleased at后加something.
[误] He againsts me.
[析]同意agree为动词,而反对against则为介词。在使用中一定要注意。
[误] I haven’t heard letters from him.
[正] I haven’t heard from him.
[析] hear from 即为:从某人处得到信件。不要再加letter了。
[误] Teacher. May I call at you this weekend?
[正] Teacher. May I call on you this weekend?
[析] 作为“拜访”讲call at其后接地点,如:May I call at your home this weekend?而call on其后接人。
[误] Do you know the girl on white?
[正] Do you know the girl in white?
[析] in white为穿一身白。与in有关的词组有:in bed(睡觉),in hospital(住院),in a hurry(匆匆忙忙),in danger(危险中),in joy75 (高兴),in good health(身体好),in love(恋爱),in trouble76(困境),与之相反的是out of ,如:out of trouble (摆脱困境),out of date(过时了), out of order77(出故障)
[误] He looked at me at surprise.
[正] He looked at me in surprise.
[析] surprise的用法一般有三种。①用于句首,To one’s surprise, 如:To my surprise he succeeded78. ② be surprised79 at, 如:I was surprised at the news. ③用于句尾in surprise.
[误] She didn’t come to school because of she was ill.
[正] She didn’t come to school because she was ill.
[析] because of 后接名词,如:The game was put off because of the rain.
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got
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v.(get的过去式)得到,猜到,明白 | |
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midday
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n.正午,中午;adj.正午的 | |
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noon
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n.中午,正午;最高点;全盛期 | |
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sunset
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n.日落;衰落时期(尤指人的晚年) | |
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set
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n.组合,集合,设定;一套,一副,一局比赛;v.放置,设定;(太阳)落下去 | |
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midnight
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n.午夜 | |
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daytime
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n.白天,日间 | |
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became
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v.(become的过去式)成为 | |
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came
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v.动词come的过去式 | |
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forward
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adj.向前的,早的,迅速的,前锋;v.转交,促进,运送;adv.向前地 | |
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ward
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n.守卫,监护,病房,行政区,由监护人或法院保护的人(尤指儿童);vt.守护,躲开 | |
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during
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prep.在…期间,在…时候 | |
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seen
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vbl.(see的过去分词)看见 | |
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since
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adv.后来;conj.既然,因为,自从;prep.自从 | |
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beginning
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n.开始的部分;起点 | |
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entering
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v.进入( enter的现在分词 );进去;参加;登记 | |
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news
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n.新闻,消息 | |
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arrival
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n.到达,达到,到达者 | |
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interest
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v.引起…关注;使…感兴趣 | |
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till
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conj.直到(...为止);n.(账台中)放钱的抽屉;prep.直到;pron.直到...为止,直到;vt.耕种 | |
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finished
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adj.完成的,精湛的;v.动词finish的过去式和过去分词 | |
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had
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vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有 | |
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died
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vbl.死亡,消逝v.死亡,枯萎( die的过去式和过去分词 );死时处于(某种状态)或具有(某种身份)adj.死亡的,消逝的 | |
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repair
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n.修理,补救;v.修理,补救,补偿 | |
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found
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v.建立,创立,创办;vbl.(find的过去分词)找到 | |
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later
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adv.过后,后来;adj.以后的,更后的,较晚的 | |
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hid
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hide 的过去式(分词) | |
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herself
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pron.她自己 | |
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church
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n.教堂,礼拜堂;教会 | |
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kill
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vt.杀死,弄死;扼杀,毁掉;使终止;消磨;vi.杀死;被弄死杀,杀伤;猎获物 | |
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someone
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pron.某人,有人 | |
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broke
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v.(动词break的过去式)折断;打破 | |
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off
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adj.远的;休假的,空闲的;adv.走开,出发,隔断;prep.离开,脱落,在...之外 | |
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sail
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n.帆,乘船航行;vt.乘船航行,浮游,启航;vi.驾船航行 | |
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struck
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adj.因罢工而关闭的;被某人/某物打动的;迷恋某人/某物的;(惊得或吓得等)目瞪口呆的v.打( strike的过去式和过去分词 );击;敲响;报时 | |
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temperature
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n.温度 | |
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degrees
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n.度( degree的名词复数 );程度;学位;(组织损伤的)深度 | |
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zero
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num.零;n.无,最低点 | |
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bridge
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n.桥,鼻梁,桥牌;vt.渡过,架桥 | |
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dead
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adj.死的;无生命的;死气沉沉的;adv.完全地 | |
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level
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n.水平,水准,标准;adj.同高的,平坦的,齐平的;v.弄平,瞄准,对准 | |
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below
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prep./adv.在……的下面;低于…… | |
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took
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vt.带,载(take的过去式) | |
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across
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adv.横过,使...被理解(或接受);prep.穿过,横过 | |
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forest
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n.森林,园林,林火;vt.用树林覆盖,植树 | |
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ran
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vbl.run的过去式 | |
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sets
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n.凝固( set的名词复数 );(一)套;布景;集v.放( set的第三人称单数 );安插;树立;安排 | |
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48
toward
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prep.对于,关于,接近,将近,向,朝 | |
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49
towards
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prep.朝,向,致力于,有助于,对于;大约,将近 | |
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50
part
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n.部份,零件;角色,部位;vt.分开,分离,分配;vi.分离,离开;adv.部份地;adj.分离的 | |
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51
except
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v.除,除外,反对;prep.除了...之外,若不是,除非 | |
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52
besides
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adv.此外;并且;prep.于…之外;除…以外 | |
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53
stood
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vbl.stand的过去式和过去分词 | |
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54
French
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adj.法国(人)的,法语的;n.法语;vt.剁肉,蔬菜切成长条 | |
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55
was
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v.(is,am的过去式)是,在 | |
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56
college
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n.学院;高等专科学校 | |
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57
exam
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n.(=examination)检查;考试 | |
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58
land
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n.陆地,国土,土地;v.登陆,登岸,卸货 | |
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59
mail
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n.邮件;v.邮寄 | |
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60
wines
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n.葡萄酒( wine的名词复数 );(用植物或除葡萄以外的水果酿制的)(其他)果酒;紫红色;深红色 | |
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61
made
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v.make的过去式和过去分词 | |
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62
dictionary
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n.词典,字典,辞典 | |
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63
grammar
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n.语法,语法规则 | |
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64
physics
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n.物理学;物理过程 | |
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65
entrance
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n.入口;入场;进入 | |
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66
highway
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n.公路,大路;(美)高速公路 | |
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67
danger
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n.危险,危险物,威胁 | |
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health
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n.健康;健康状况 | |
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69
said
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v.动词say的过去式、过去分词 | |
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70
somebody
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n.重要人物;pron.某人,有人 | |
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71
pleased
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adj.高兴的,快乐的,喜欢的,满意的 | |
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72
agree
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vi.同意,赞成,承认,适合;vt.同意 | |
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73
agrees
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v.同意,赞同( agree的第三人称单数 );[语法学](在性、数、人称或格方面)一致;相同;和睦相处 | |
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74
against
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prep.与…对抗;对着 | |
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75
joy
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n.欢喜,乐事,高兴;vt.使快乐,令人高兴;vi.欢喜 | |
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76
trouble
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n.苦恼,麻烦;故障;动乱;vt.麻烦 vi.费神 | |
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77
order
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n.订单;命令;n.顺序,整齐;勋章;阶级,决议;vt.命令; 调整;定购 | |
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78
succeeded
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v.成功( succeed的过去式和过去分词 );完成;继承;达到目的 | |
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79
surprised
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adj.感到惊讶的,感到惊奇的 | |
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