法律词汇表D

时间：2007-04-03 07:04:11

（单词翻译:单击）

术语
定义
damages Money awarded by court to a person for injury or loss suffered by the unlawful act or negligence1 of another.
de facto In fact. Exercising power as if legally constituted. Compare de jure.
de jure (dee JOOR ee) By right; by the law. Exercising power in accordance with the law. Compare de facto.
de novo (deh NO vo) Anew. A "trial de novo" is a new trial of a case.
decedent Person who has died.
decision Judgment2 reached or given by a court.
declaratory judgment Judgment in a civil case that declares rights and responsibilities of the parties or interpretation3 of the law without awarding damages or requiring action. E.g., a court may be asked to issue a declaratory judgment on constitutionality of a statute4 or whether an insurance policy covers a given activity. Usually requested by plaintiffs in order to avoid future legal difficulties.
decree Order of the court. A final decree fully5 and finally disposes of litigation. An interlocutory decree settles preliminary or subordinate points or pleas, but not entire case.
defamation6 Harming the reputation of another by making false statements to a third party, thus exposing the individual to ridicule7, hatred8, contempt or condemnation9. May be criminal or civil. Includes libel and slander10.
default Failure to fulfill11 a legal or contractual obligation.
default judgment Judgment entered against a defendant12 who does not respond to a claim or does not appear at trial.
defendant In a civil case, the person being sued. In a criminal case, the person charged with a crime.
demurrer (dih MUR rer) Motion still used in Pennsylvania to dismiss a civil case because the complaint is legally insufficient13. In most states this is now called a motion to dismiss.
deponent One whose deposition14 is being taken.
depose15 To testify, bear witness. Also, to examine a witness via deposition.
deposition Sworn testimony16 of a witness taken under oath outside of court. Also, the session at which such testimony is recorded.
descent and distribution statutes17 State laws that provide for distribution of estate property when a person dies without a will. Same as intestacy laws.
direct evidence Proof of facts by witnesses who saw acts done or heard words spoken, as distinguished18 from circumstantial, or indirect, evidence.
direct examination First questioning of a witness by the party who called him/her.
directed verdict Instruction by judge to jury to return a specific verdict, usually because one of the parties failed to prove its case. Compare binding19 instruction.
disbarment Form of disciplining a lawyer whereby he/she loses, permanently20 or temporarily, the right to practice law.
disclaim21 To renounce22 one's legal rights or claims.
discovery Pretrial process by which one party reveals, at other party's request, relevant information about the litigation.
dismissal Termination of a lawsuit23. A "dismissal without prejudice" permits the suit to be filed again at a later time. A "dismissal with prejudice" prevents the lawsuit from being refiled later.
dissent24 Disagreement by one or more appellate court judges with the decision the majority.
diversion Process of removing certain minor25 criminal, traffic or juvenile26 cases from full judicial27 process on condition that accused undergo some sort of rehabilitation28 or training, e.g., job training. If defendant completes probation29 successfully, the charges may be dropped.
docket List of cases to be heard by court. Also, log containing brief entries of court proceedings30.
domicile Place where a person has his/her permanent, legal home. A person may have several residences, but only one domicile.
double jeopardy31 Putting a person on trial more than once for the same crime. Forbidden by the Fifth Amendment32 to the U.S. Constitution.
due process of law Right of all persons to receive guarantees and safeguards of law and judicial process. Includes such constitutional rights as adequate notice; assistance of counsel; and rights to remain silent, to a speedy and public trial, to an impartial jury, and to confront and secure witnesses

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1 negligence IjQyI     
n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意
参考例句：
  • They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
  • The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。
2 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
3 interpretation P5jxQ     
n.解释，说明，描述；艺术处理
参考例句：
  • His statement admits of one interpretation only.他的话只有一种解释。
  • Analysis and interpretation is a very personal thing.分析与说明是个很主观的事情。
4 statute TGUzb     
n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例
参考例句：
  • Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.保障消费者利益已在法令里作了规定。
  • The next section will consider this environmental statute in detail.下一部分将详细论述环境法令的问题。
5 fully Gfuzd     
adv.完全地，全部地，彻底地；充分地
参考例句：
  • The doctor asked me to breathe in,then to breathe out fully.医生让我先吸气，然后全部呼出。
  • They soon became fully integrated into the local community.他们很快就完全融入了当地人的圈子。
6 defamation FY3zV     
n.诽谤；中伤
参考例句：
  • Character defamation can be either oral or written.人格诽谤既可以是口头的也可以是书面的。
  • The company sued for defamation.这个公司因受到诽谤而提起诉讼。
7 ridicule fCwzv     
v.讥讽，挖苦；n.嘲弄
参考例句：
  • You mustn't ridicule unfortunate people.你不该嘲笑不幸的人。
  • Silly mistakes and queer clothes often arouse ridicule.荒谬的错误和古怪的服装常会引起人们的讪笑。
8 hatred T5Gyg     
n.憎恶，憎恨，仇恨
参考例句：
  • He looked at me with hatred in his eyes.他以憎恨的眼光望着我。
  • The old man was seized with burning hatred for the fascists.老人对法西斯主义者充满了仇恨。
9 condemnation 2pSzp     
n.谴责; 定罪
参考例句：
  • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
  • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
10 slander 7ESzF     
n./v.诽谤，污蔑
参考例句：
  • The article is a slander on ordinary working people.那篇文章是对普通劳动大众的诋毁。
  • He threatened to go public with the slander.他威胁要把丑闻宣扬出去。
11 fulfill Qhbxg     
vt.履行，实现，完成；满足，使满意
参考例句：
  • If you make a promise you should fulfill it.如果你许诺了，你就要履行你的诺言。
  • This company should be able to fulfill our requirements.这家公司应该能够满足我们的要求。
12 defendant mYdzW     
n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句：
  • The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
  • The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。
13 insufficient L5vxu     
adj.(for，of)不足的，不够的
参考例句：
  • There was insufficient evidence to convict him.没有足够证据给他定罪。
  • In their day scientific knowledge was insufficient to settle the matter.在他们的时代，科学知识还不能足以解决这些问题。
14 deposition MwOx4     
n.免职，罢官；作证；沉淀；沉淀物
参考例句：
  • It was this issue which led to the deposition of the king.正是这件事导致了国王被废黜。
  • This leads to calcium deposition in the blood-vessels.这导致钙在血管中沉积。
15 depose bw6x5     
vt.免职；宣誓作证
参考例句：
  • The witness is going to depose.证人即将宣誓做证。
  • The emperor attempted to depose the Pope.皇帝企图废黜教皇。
16 testimony zpbwO     
n.证词；见证，证明
参考例句：
  • The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
  • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
17 statutes 2e67695e587bd14afa1655b870b4c16e     
成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程
参考例句：
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
18 distinguished wu9z3v     
adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的
参考例句：
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。
19 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的
参考例句：
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
20 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地
参考例句：
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
21 disclaim suLxK     
v.放弃权利，拒绝承认
参考例句：
  • Scientists quickly disclaim the possibility.科学家们立刻否认了这种可能性。
  • The manufacturers disclaim all responsibility for damage caused by misuse.使用不当而造成的损坏，生产厂家不负任何责任。
22 renounce 8BNzi     
v.放弃；拒绝承认，宣布与…断绝关系
参考例句：
  • She decided to renounce the world and enter a convent.她决定弃绝尘世去当修女。
  • It was painful for him to renounce his son.宣布与儿子脱离关系对他来说是很痛苦的。
23 lawsuit A14xy     
n.诉讼，控诉
参考例句：
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
24 dissent ytaxU     
n./v.不同意，持异议
参考例句：
  • It is too late now to make any dissent.现在提出异议太晚了。
  • He felt her shoulders gave a wriggle of dissent.他感到她的肩膀因为不同意而动了一下。
25 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修
参考例句：
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
26 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的
参考例句：
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
27 judicial c3fxD     
adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的
参考例句：
  • He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
  • Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
28 rehabilitation 8Vcxv     
n.康复，悔过自新，修复，复兴，复职，复位
参考例句：
  • He's booked himself into a rehabilitation clinic.他自己联系了一家康复诊所。
  • No one can really make me rehabilitation of injuries.已经没有人可以真正令我的伤康复了。
29 probation 41zzM     
n.缓刑(期)，(以观后效的)察看；试用(期)
参考例句：
  • The judge did not jail the young man,but put him on probation for a year.法官没有把那个年轻人关进监狱，而且将他缓刑察看一年。
  • His salary was raised by 800 yuan after his probation.试用期满以后，他的工资增加了800元。
30 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报
参考例句：
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
31 jeopardy H3dxd     
n.危险；危难
参考例句：
  • His foolish behaviour may put his whole future in jeopardy.他愚蠢的行为可能毁了他一生的前程。
  • It is precisely at this juncture that the boss finds himself in double jeopardy.恰恰在这个关键时刻，上司发现自己处于进退两难的境地。
32 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正，修正，改善，修正案
参考例句：
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。

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