法律词汇表E

时间：2007-04-03 07:03:38

（单词翻译:单击）

术语
定义
electronic monitoring Type of sentencing or arrest wherein an individual is required to wear an electronic device which transmits the individual's whereabouts to a receiver that is monitored for violations1. Usually used in connection with house arrest.
elements of a crime Specific factors that define a crime, which the prosecution2 must prove beyond reasonable doubt in order to obtain conviction. Elements that must be proven are (1) that a crime actually occurred (actus reus), (2) that the accused intended the crime to happen (mens rea), (3) a timely relationship between the first two factors.
embezzlement3 Fraudulently taking property or money entrusted4 to one individual by another.
eminent5 domain6 Power of the government to take private property for public use, after paying the owner reasonable compensation. See condemnation7.
en banc All judges of a court sitting together. Appellate courts often hear cases in panels of three judges. If a case is heard or reheard by the full court, it is heard en banc.
encumbrance8 A claim against property.
enjoin9 To require a person, via an injunction, to perform or to abstain10 from performing some specific act.
entrapment11 Defense12 to criminal charges alleging13 that agents of the government induced a person to commit a crime he/she otherwise would not have committed.
equal protection of the law Guarantee in the Fourteenth Amendment14 to the U.S. Constitution that all persons or classes of persons be treated equally by the law.
equitable15 action Action which seeks just, fair, nonmonetary remedy, e.g., an injunction.
equity16 Generally, justice or fairness; body of principles that determine what is just or fair. Historically, refers to a system of law developed in England in reaction to the legal inability of common law courts to consider or provide remedy for every injury. The king established a court of chancery to do justice between parties in cases where common law would give inadequate17 redress18.
escheat (iss SHEET) Process by which the property of one who has died goes to the state if no heir can be found.
escrow Money or documents, (e.g., a deed), which are held ("in escrow") by a neutral third party until all conditions of an agreement are met.
estate All properties owned by an individual when he/she dies.
estate tax Tax paid on an estate as it passes to the heirs.
estoppel Principle that prevents someone from claiming or denying something in court that contradicts what has already been established as fact.
et al. And others.
evidence Information presented in court to prove or disprove alleged19 facts. See also specific types, including admissible, best, character, circumstantial, clear and convincing, corroborating20, direct, hearsay21 and expert evidence.
ex delicto (ex dee LICK toh) Arising from a tort; breach22 of duty.
ex parte (ex PART ee) On behalf of only one party, without notice to any other party. E.g., request for a search warrant is an ex parte proceeding23 since person subject to the search is not notified of proceeding.
ex parte proceeding One in which only one side is represented. Differs from adversary24 system or proceeding.
ex post facto (ex post FAC toh) After the fact. E.g., ex post facto laws permit conviction and punishment for a lawful25 act performed before law was changed and act was made illegal. The U.S. Constitution prohibits these.
exception Formal objection to a court's ruling by either side in a civil or criminal case in order to reserve right to appeal judge's ruling upon a motion. Also, in regulatory cases, objections by one side to points made by the other side or to rulings by an agency or one of its hearing officers.
exclusionary26 rule Rule preventing illegally obtained evidence to be used in any trial. See suppress.
exculpate27 To free from blame or accusation28, particularly in matters of small importance. Compare exonerate29.
execute (a judgment30 or decree) To put final judgment of court into effect.
executor Personal representative, named in a will, who administers an estate. Compare administrator31.
exempt32 property Certain property protected by law from creditors33.
exhibit Document or other article introduced as evidence in court.
exonerate Removal of a charge, duty or responsibility. Also, to clear completely from accusation or blame and any attendant suspicion of guilt34. Compare exculpate.
expert evidence Testimony35 relating to scientific, technical or professional matters given by persons particularly qualified36 by reason of special training, skill or familiarity with subject.
expungement37 Official and formal removal of conviction from a criminal record.
extenuating38 circumstances See mitigating39 circumstances.
extortion Illegally obtaining money or property by force, threat, intimidation40, or undue41 or illegal power.
extradition Process by which one state or nation surrenders to another state or nation a person accused or convicted of a crime in the requesting state/nation

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1 violations 403b65677d39097086593415b650ca21     
违反( violation的名词复数 )； 冒犯； 违反（行为、事例）； 强奸
参考例句：
  • This is one of the commonest traffic violations. 这是常见的违反交通规则之例。
  • These violations of the code must cease forthwith. 这些违犯法规的行为必须立即停止。
2 prosecution uBWyL     
n.起诉，告发，检举，执行，经营
参考例句：
  • The Smiths brought a prosecution against the organizers.史密斯家对组织者们提出起诉。
  • He attempts to rebut the assertion made by the prosecution witness.他试图反驳原告方证人所作的断言。
3 embezzlement RqoxY     
n.盗用，贪污
参考例句：
  • He was accused of graft and embezzlement and was chained and thrown into prison.他因被指控贪污盗窃而锒铛入狱。
  • The judge sent him to prison for embezzlement of funds.法官因他盗用公款将其送入监牢。
4 entrusted be9f0db83b06252a0a462773113f94fa     
v.委托，托付( entrust的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • He entrusted the task to his nephew. 他把这任务托付给了他的侄儿。
  • She was entrusted with the direction of the project. 她受委托负责这项计划。 来自《简明英汉词典》
5 eminent dpRxn     
adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的
参考例句：
  • We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
  • He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。
6 domain ys8xC     
n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围
参考例句：
  • This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
7 condemnation 2pSzp     
n.谴责; 定罪
参考例句：
  • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
  • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
8 encumbrance A8YyP     
n.妨碍物，累赘
参考例句：
  • Only by overcoming our weaknesses can we advance without any encumbrance;only by uniting ourselves in our struggle can we be invincible.克服缺点才能轻装前进，团结战斗才能无往不胜。
  • Now I should be an encumbrance.现在我成为累赘了。
9 enjoin lZlzT     
v.命令；吩咐；禁止
参考例句：
  • He enjoined obedience on the soldiers.他命令士兵服从。
  • The judge enjoined him from selling alcohol.法官禁止他卖酒。
10 abstain SVUzq     
v.自制，戒绝，弃权，避免
参考例句：
  • His doctor ordered him to abstain from beer and wine.他的医生嘱咐他戒酒。
  • Three Conservative MPs abstained in the vote.三位保守党下院议员投了弃权票。
11 entrapment ba5c4229ea3b39f26c84c517af62fb58     
n.（非法）诱捕，诱人犯罪；诱使犯罪
参考例句：
  • The most common structural targets associated with oil entrapment are anticlines and faults. 与储油圈闭有关的最一般的构造目标是背斜和断层。 来自辞典例句
  • The purely mechanical effect of glandular trichome exudates is the entrapment and immobilization of small arthropods. 具腺毛状体分泌物的纯机械作用是诱捕和粘住小的昆虫。 来自辞典例句
12 defense AxbxB     
n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩
参考例句：
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
13 alleging 16407100de5c54b7b204953b7a851bc3     
断言，宣称，辩解( allege的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • His reputation was blemished by a newspaper article alleging he'd evaded his taxes. 由于报上一篇文章声称他曾逃税，他的名誉受到损害。
  • This our Peeress declined as unnecessary, alleging that her cousin Thornhill's recommendation would be sufficient. 那位贵人不肯，还说不必，只要有她老表唐希尔保荐就够了。
14 amendment Mx8zY     
n.改正，修正，改善，修正案
参考例句：
  • The amendment was rejected by 207 voters to 143.这项修正案以207票对143票被否决。
  • The Opposition has tabled an amendment to the bill.反对党已经就该议案提交了一项修正条款。
15 equitable JobxJ     
adj.公平的；公正的
参考例句：
  • This is an equitable solution to the dispute. 这是对该项争议的公正解决。
  • Paying a person what he has earned is equitable. 酬其应得,乃公平之事。
16 equity ji8zp     
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
17 inadequate 2kzyk     
adj.(for,to)不充足的，不适当的
参考例句：
  • The supply is inadequate to meet the demand.供不应求。
  • She was inadequate to the demands that were made on her.她还无力满足对她提出的各项要求。
18 redress PAOzS     
n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除
参考例句：
  • He did all that he possibly could to redress the wrongs.他尽了一切努力革除弊端。
  • Any man deserves redress if he has been injured unfairly.任何人若蒙受不公平的损害都应获得赔偿。
19 alleged gzaz3i     
a.被指控的，嫌疑的
参考例句：
  • It was alleged that he had taken bribes while in office. 他被指称在任时收受贿赂。
  • alleged irregularities in the election campaign 被指称竞选运动中的不正当行为
20 corroborating b17b07018d744b60aa2a7417d1b4f5a2     
v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Neither can one really conclude much from a neat desk, unless there is further corroborating evidence. 实际上，我们也无法从一张整洁的办公桌中得出什么结论，除非还有其它证据进一步证实。 来自互联网
21 hearsay 4QTzB     
n.谣传，风闻
参考例句：
  • They started to piece the story together from hearsay.他们开始根据传闻把事情的经过一点点拼湊起来。
  • You are only supposing this on hearsay.You have no proof.你只是根据传闻想像而已，并没有证据。
22 breach 2sgzw     
n.违反，不履行；破裂；vt.冲破，攻破
参考例句：
  • We won't have any breach of discipline.我们不允许任何破坏纪律的现象。
  • He was sued for breach of contract.他因不履行合同而被起诉。
23 proceeding Vktzvu     
n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报
参考例句：
  • This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
  • The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。
24 adversary mxrzt     
adj.敌手，对手
参考例句：
  • He saw her as his main adversary within the company.他将她视为公司中主要的对手。
  • They will do anything to undermine their adversary's reputation.他们会不择手段地去损害对手的名誉。
25 lawful ipKzCt     
adj.法律许可的，守法的，合法的
参考例句：
  • It is not lawful to park in front of a hydrant.在消火栓前停车是不合法的。
  • We don't recognised him to be the lawful heir.我们不承认他为合法继承人。
26 exclusionary 7b922c7ff4e4ecd651577aafa4370540     
adj.排斥（性）的，排除在外的
参考例句：
  • Play not finish, uncle fidgeting, cut exclusionary. 戏未演完，叔父坐立不安，仓皇退席。 来自互联网
  • Procecutor: I am asking you to recognize the absurdity of the exclusionary rule. 检察官：我是在请求您认识到这个排除规则的荒谬性。 来自互联网
27 exculpate PmBxy     
v.开脱，使无罪
参考例句：
  • He exculpate himself from stealing the money.他自行辩白没有偷钱。
  • He exculpate himself from a charge of theft.他辩白自己无盗窃嫌疑。
28 accusation GJpyf     
n.控告，指责，谴责
参考例句：
  • I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
  • She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。
29 exonerate FzByr     
v.免除责任，确定无罪
参考例句：
  • Nothing can exonerate her from that.任何解释都难辞其咎。
  • There is no reason to exonerate him from the ordinary duties of a citizen.没有理由免除他做公民应尽的义务。
30 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
31 administrator SJeyZ     
n.经营管理者，行政官员
参考例句：
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
32 exempt wmgxo     
adj.免除的；v.使免除；n.免税者，被免除义务者
参考例句：
  • These goods are exempt from customs duties.这些货物免征关税。
  • He is exempt from punishment about this thing.关于此事对他已免于处分。
33 creditors 6cb54c34971e9a505f7a0572f600684b     
n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》
34 guilt 9e6xr     
n.犯罪；内疚；过失，罪责
参考例句：
  • She tried to cover up her guilt by lying.她企图用谎言掩饰自己的罪行。
  • Don't lay a guilt trip on your child about schoolwork.别因为功课责备孩子而使他觉得很内疚。
35 testimony zpbwO     
n.证词；见证，证明
参考例句：
  • The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
  • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
36 qualified DCPyj     
adj.合格的，有资格的，胜任的，有限制的
参考例句：
  • He is qualified as a complete man of letters.他有资格当真正的文学家。
  • We must note that we still lack qualified specialists.我们必须看到我们还缺乏有资质的专家。
37 expungement 36c13fc85497644d04c63c8001ba0591     
n.expunge（擦去，拭去）的变形
参考例句：
38 extenuating extenuating     
adj.使减轻的，情有可原的v.（用偏袒的辩解或借口）减轻( extenuate的现在分词 )；低估，藐视
参考例句：
  • There were extenuating circumstances and the defendant did not receive a prison sentence. 因有可减轻罪行的情节被告未被判刑。
  • I do not plead any extenuating act. 我不求宽大，也不要求减刑。 来自演讲部分
39 mitigating 465c18cfa2b0e25daca50035121a4217     
v.减轻，缓和( mitigate的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Are there any mitigating circumstances in this case ? 本案中是否有任何情况可以减轻被告的罪行？ 来自辞典例句
  • A sentencing judge is required to consider any mitigating circumstances befor imposing the death penalty. 在处死刑之前，要求量刑法官必须考虑是否有任何减轻罪行之情节。 来自口语例句
40 intimidation Yq2zKi     
n.恐吓，威胁
参考例句：
  • The Opposition alleged voter intimidation by the army.反对党声称投票者受到军方的恐吓。
  • The gang silenced witnesses by intimidation.恶帮用恐吓的手段使得证人不敢说话。
41 undue Vf8z6V     
adj.过分的；不适当的；未到期的
参考例句：
  • Don't treat the matter with undue haste.不要过急地处理此事。
  • It would be wise not to give undue importance to his criticisms.最好不要过分看重他的批评。

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