法律词汇表C

时间：2007-04-03 07:00:17

（单词翻译:单击）

术语
定义
calendar List of cases scheduled for hearing in court.
calling the docket Public calling of the docket or list of causes at commencement of a court term.
capital crime Crime punishable by death.
caption1 Heading on legal document listing parties, court, case number and related information.
caselaw Collection of reported cases that form the body of law within a jurisdiction2. Also known as jurisprudence.
caseload Total number of cases filed in a given court or before a given judicial3 officer for a given period of time.
causa mortis gift (KAH zuh MOR tis) Gift made in expectation of donor4's death and upon condition that donor die as anticipated.
cause Lawsuit5, litigation or action. Any question, civil or criminal, litigated or contested before a court of justice.
cause of action Facts that give rise to a lawsuit.
caveat6 (KA vee OTT) Warning; note of caution.
cease and desist order Order of an administrative7 agency or court prohibiting a person or business from continuing a particular course of conduct.
certiorari (SIR she oh RARE ee) Writ8 issued by appellate court directing lower court to deliver record of case for review. Often referred to as "granting cert."
challenge Objection, such as when attorney objects at voir dire9 hearing to seating of a particular person on a jury. May be challenge for cause or peremptory10 challenge. See also challenge to the array.
challenge to the array Questioning the qualifications of an entire jury panel, usually on grounds of some legal fault in composition of the panel, e.g., racial discrimination.
challenge for cause Objection to seating of a particular juror for a stated reason, usually bias11 or prejudice for or against one party in the lawsuit. Judge has discretion12 to deny challenge. Also known as challenge to the poll. Compare peremptory challenge.
change of venire (veh NI ree; popularly pronounced veh NEER) Bringing in a jury from another county to hear a trial, usually because of concerns that pretrial publicity13 has made empaneling an impartial14 jury difficult. Compare change of venue15.
change of venue Moving a lawsuit to another place for trial, usually because pretrial publicity has made empaneling an impartial jury difficult. Compare change of venire.
character evidence Testimony16 of witnesses who know the general character and reputation of a person in the community in which that person lives. May be considered by jury as either substantive17 evidence as to the likelihood of the defendant18 to commit crime or as corroborating19 evidence of the credibility of a witness's testimony.
charge A formal complaint issued accusing an individual of a crime. Compare indictment20 and information. Also, the judge's instruction to the jury concerning law which applies to the facts of a case. Also called instruction. Compare binding21 instruction and directed verdict.
circuit court Court whose jurisdiction extends over several counties or districts and which holds sessions in all of those areas. Pennsylvania's appellate courts are circuit courts, holding sessions in various locations throughout the Commonwealth22.
circumstantial evidence Evidence which suggests something by implication, from which an inference can be drawn23, e.g., physical evidence, such as fingerprints24. Also called indirect evidence. Compare direct evidence.
citation25 Reference to source of legal authority. Also, writ issued by a court commanding a person to appear at a specified26 place and time and do something specified or to give just cause why he/she should not. Also, direction to appear in court, as when a driver receives a citation for a moving or parking violation27.
civil actions Noncriminal cases in which one private party sues another for redress28 of private or civil rights.
civil procedure Entire process by which a civil case is tried.
class action Lawsuit brought by one or more persons on behalf of a larger group.
clear and convincing evidence Evidence indicating that which is to be proven is highly probable or reasonably certain. Greater than preponderance of evidence, which is generally the standard applied29 in civil trials, but less than the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt required in criminal trials.
clemency30 (also called executive clemency) Act of grace or mercy by president or governor to ease consequences of criminal act, accusation31 or conviction. May take form of commutation or pardon.
clerk of court Officer appointed by court or elected to oversee32 administrative, nonjudicial activities of the court.
closing argument In a trial, closing statements by counsel to the judge or jury after evidence has been presented.
code Complete, systematic33 collection of laws.
codicil34 (KOD ih sill) Addition to a will.
cognovit actionem (KOG NO vit ACK she OH nem) "He has confessed the action." Written confession35 by defendant of plaintiff's claim. Usually upon condition. Authorizes36 plaintiff's attorney to sign judgment37 and issue execution.
cognovit judgment See confession of judgment.
collateral38 Property pledged as security for satisfaction of a debt. See secured debt.
commit To send a person to prison, asylum39 or reformatory pursuant to court order.
common law Law arising from tradition and judicial decisions, rather than from laws passed by the legislature. Originated in England and has been followed as law in most American jurisdictions40. Compare statute41 and equity42.
Common Pleas Court See Court of Common Pleas.
community service Sentencing option whereby offender43 performs volunteer work for government, non-profit or community-based organizations.
commutation Form of clemency reducing one's sentence, as from death to life imprisonment45.
comparative negligence46 Legal doctrine47 by which negligence of plaintiff determines amount plaintiff may recover from defendant. Compare contributory negligence.
complainant See plaintiff.
complaint Legal document that usually begins a civil lawsuit. States facts and identifies action court is asked to take.
conciliation48 Form of alternative dispute resolution in which parties bring their dispute to a neutral third party, who helps reach a solution. Nonbinding. Similar to mediation49, but may be less formal.
concur50 To agree, act together or consent. Compare concurring51 opinion under opinion.
concurrent52 sentence Two or more sentences served at same time rather than one after another. Three five-year terms served concurrently53 add up to no more than five years in prison. See also consecutive54 sentence.
condemnation55 Legal process by which government invokes56 its powers of eminent57 domain58 and takes privately59 owned property for public use, paying owners just compensation. Also, act of judicially60 pronouncing someone guilty. Usually called conviction.
confession of judgment Act of a debtor61 in permitting judgment to be entered against him/her by a creditor62. Also known as cognovit judgment.
consecutive sentences Successive sentences, one beginning at the expiration63 of another. Three five-year terms served consecutively64 impose a 15-year sentence. Also called cumulative65 sentence. See also concurrent sentence.
consent decree Disposition66 in juvenile67 court in which proceedings69 are suspended and child is continued under supervision70 in his/her own home under terms and conditions negotiated with probation71 services and agreed to by all parties concerned. Also, a court decree to which all parties agree.
consent judgment See judgment.
conservatorship See guardianship72.
consideration Inducement for which a party enters into a contract.
conspiracy73 Two or more people joining together for the purpose of committing an unlawful act.
contempt of court Willful disobedience of judge's command or official court order.
continuance Postponement74 of legal proceeding68 to a later date.
contract Legally enforceable agreement between two or more competent parties made either orally or in writing.
contributory negligence Legal doctrine that says if plaintiff in a civil action for negligence was also negligent75, he/she cannot recover damages from defendant for defendant's negligence. Most jurisdictions have abandoned this doctrine in favor of comparative negligence.
conviction Act of judicially declaring a criminal defendant guilty. Also called condemnation.
copyright Right to literary property, giving authors, composers and other creators sole control over how that property is used.
corpus delicti (COR pus di LICK tye) Material substance (body) upon which a crime has been committed, i.e., the physical evidence a crime has been committed, e.g., the body of a homicide victim or broken windows in a vandalized building.
corroborating evidence Supplementary76 evidence that strengthens or confirms initial evidence.
count Each offense77 listed in a complaint, information or indictment.
counterclaim Claim made by defendant against plaintiff in a civil lawsuit, especially in opposition78 to the plaintiff's claim.
court administrator79 Officer appointed or elected to oversee administrative, nonjudicial activities of the court.
court costs Fees and charges charged legally by the court for expenses of the litigation, e.g., filing fees, jury fees, reporter fees. Also, an amount of money that may be awarded to the successful party, recoverable from the losing party, as reimbursement80 for the cost of the litigation.
Court of Common Pleas Intermediate original court in some states, including Pennsylvania, that usually has civil and criminal jurisdiction. In Pennsylvania Common Pleas Courts also hear appeals from certain state and most local government agencies and from the minor81 courts. May also be referred to as trial courts or county courts.
court of record Courts whose proceedings are permanently82 recorded and which have power to fine or imprison44 for contempt.
court reporter Person who records and transcribes83 verbatim reports of all proceedings in court. Also called a stenographer84.
crime Type of behavior defined by law as deserving punishment, including imprisonment or fine or both, upon conviction. Crimes are classified as either misdemeanors or felonies.
Crimes Code Short title for Title 18 of Purdon's Pennsylvania Statutes85, "Crimes and Offenses86."
criminal history record information Information collected by criminal justice agencies on individuals with arrest records. Consists of descriptions and notations87 of arrests, detentions88, indictments89 or other formal criminal charges, dispositions90, sentencing, correctional supervision and release. Also referred to as a prior record or rap sheet.
criminal insanity91 Mental condition which renders a person unable to determine right from wrong. Defendants92 criminally insane cannot be convicted as criminal conduct involves conscious intent to do wrong.
criminal summons Order commanding accused to appear in court. May be issued in lieu of arrest warrant for misdemeanors when issuing official believes accused will appear in court without being placed under bail93.
cross-claim Claim by codefendants or coplaintiffs against each other.
cross-examination Questioning of witness by opponent in a trial.
cumulative sentence See consecutive sentence

分享到：


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 caption FT2y3     
n.说明，字幕，标题；v.加上标题，加上说明
参考例句：
  • I didn't understand the drawing until I read the caption.直到我看到这幅画的说明才弄懂其意思。
  • There is a caption under the picture.图片下边附有说明。
2 jurisdiction La8zP     
n.司法权，审判权，管辖权，控制权
参考例句：
  • It doesn't lie within my jurisdiction to set you free.我无权将你释放。
  • Changzhou is under the jurisdiction of Jiangsu Province.常州隶属江苏省。
3 judicial c3fxD     
adj.司法的，法庭的，审判的，明断的，公正的
参考例句：
  • He is a man with a judicial mind.他是个公正的人。
  • Tom takes judicial proceedings against his father.汤姆对他的父亲正式提出诉讼。
4 donor dstxI     
n.捐献者；赠送人；(组织、器官等的)供体
参考例句：
  • In these cases,the recipient usually takes care of the donor afterwards.在这类情况下，接受捐献者以后通常会照顾捐赠者。
  • The Doctor transplanted the donor's heart to Mike's chest cavity.医生将捐赠者的心脏移植进麦克的胸腔。
5 lawsuit A14xy     
n.诉讼，控诉
参考例句：
  • They threatened him with a lawsuit.他们以诉讼威逼他。
  • He was perpetually involving himself in this long lawsuit.他使自己无休止地卷入这场长时间的诉讼。
6 caveat 7rZza     
n.警告； 防止误解的说明
参考例句：
  • I would offer a caveat for those who want to join me in the dual calling.为防止发生误解，我想对那些想要步我后尘的人提出警告。
  • As I have written before,that's quite a caveat.正如我以前所写，那确实是个警告。
7 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
8 writ iojyr     
n.命令状，书面命令
参考例句：
  • This is a copy of a writ I received this morning.这是今早我收到的书面命令副本。
  • You shouldn't treat the newspapers as if they were Holy Writ. 你不应该把报上说的话奉若神明。
9 dire llUz9     
adj.可怕的，悲惨的，阴惨的，极端的
参考例句：
  • There were dire warnings about the dangers of watching too much TV.曾经有人就看电视太多的危害性提出严重警告。
  • We were indeed in dire straits.But we pulled through.那时我们的困难真是大极了，但是我们渡过了困难。
10 peremptory k3uz8     
adj.紧急的，专横的，断然的
参考例句：
  • The officer issued peremptory commands.军官发出了不容许辩驳的命令。
  • There was a peremptory note in his voice.他说话的声音里有一种不容置辩的口气。
11 bias 0QByQ     
n.偏见，偏心，偏袒；vt.使有偏见
参考例句：
  • They are accusing the teacher of political bias in his marking.他们在指控那名教师打分数有政治偏见。
  • He had a bias toward the plan.他对这项计划有偏见。
12 discretion FZQzm     
n.谨慎；随意处理
参考例句：
  • You must show discretion in choosing your friend.你择友时必须慎重。
  • Please use your best discretion to handle the matter.请慎重处理此事。
13 publicity ASmxx     
n.众所周知，闻名；宣传，广告
参考例句：
  • The singer star's marriage got a lot of publicity.这位歌星的婚事引起了公众的关注。
  • He dismissed the event as just a publicity gimmick.他不理会这件事，只当它是一种宣传手法。
14 impartial eykyR     
adj.(in,to)公正的，无偏见的
参考例句：
  • He gave an impartial view of the state of affairs in Ireland.他对爱尔兰的事态发表了公正的看法。
  • Careers officers offer impartial advice to all pupils.就业指导员向所有学生提供公正无私的建议。
15 venue ALkzr     
n.犯罪地点，审判地，管辖地，发生地点，集合地点
参考例句：
  • The hall provided a venue for weddings and other functions.大厅给婚礼和其他社会活动提供了场所。
  • The chosen venue caused great controversy among the people.人们就审判地点的问题产生了极大的争议。
16 testimony zpbwO     
n.证词；见证，证明
参考例句：
  • The testimony given by him is dubious.他所作的证据是可疑的。
  • He was called in to bear testimony to what the police officer said.他被传入为警官所说的话作证。
17 substantive qszws     
adj.表示实在的；本质的、实质性的；独立的；n.实词，实名词；独立存在的实体
参考例句：
  • They plan to meet again in Rome very soon to begin substantive negotiations.他们计划不久在罗马再次会晤以开始实质性的谈判。
  • A president needs substantive advice,but he also requires emotional succor. 一个总统需要实质性的建议，但也需要感情上的支持。
18 defendant mYdzW     
n.被告；adj.处于被告地位的
参考例句：
  • The judge rejected a bribe from the defendant's family.法官拒收被告家属的贿赂。
  • The defendant was borne down by the weight of evidence.有力的证据使被告认输了。
19 corroborating b17b07018d744b60aa2a7417d1b4f5a2     
v.证实，支持（某种说法、信仰、理论等）( corroborate的现在分词 )
参考例句：
  • Neither can one really conclude much from a neat desk, unless there is further corroborating evidence. 实际上，我们也无法从一张整洁的办公桌中得出什么结论，除非还有其它证据进一步证实。 来自互联网
20 indictment ybdzt     
n.起诉；诉状
参考例句：
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
  • They issued an indictment against them.他们起诉了他们。
21 binding 2yEzWb     
有约束力的，有效的，应遵守的
参考例句：
  • The contract was not signed and has no binding force. 合同没有签署因而没有约束力。
  • Both sides have agreed that the arbitration will be binding. 双方都赞同仲裁具有约束力。
22 commonwealth XXzyp     
n.共和国，联邦，共同体
参考例句：
  • He is the chairman of the commonwealth of artists.他是艺术家协会的主席。
  • Most of the members of the Commonwealth are nonwhite.英联邦的许多成员国不是白人国家。
23 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的
参考例句：
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
24 fingerprints 9b456c81cc868e5bdf3958245615450b     
n.指纹( fingerprint的名词复数 )v.指纹( fingerprint的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • Everyone's fingerprints are unique. 每个人的指纹都是独一无二的。
  • They wore gloves so as not to leave any fingerprints behind (them). 他们戴着手套，以免留下指纹。 来自《简明英汉词典》
25 citation 1qyzo     
n.引用，引证，引用文；传票
参考例句：
  • He had to sign the proposition for the citation.他只好在受奖申请书上签了字。
  • The court could issue a citation and fine Ms. Robbins.法庭可能会发传票，对罗宾斯女士处以罚款。
26 specified ZhezwZ     
adj.特定的
参考例句：
  • The architect specified oak for the wood trim. 那位建筑师指定用橡木做木饰条。
  • It is generated by some specified means. 这是由某些未加说明的方法产生的。
27 violation lLBzJ     
n.违反(行为)，违背(行为)，侵犯
参考例句：
  • He roared that was a violation of the rules.他大声说，那是违反规则的。
  • He was fined 200 dollars for violation of traffic regulation.他因违反交通规则被罚款200美元。
28 redress PAOzS     
n.赔偿，救济，矫正；v.纠正，匡正，革除
参考例句：
  • He did all that he possibly could to redress the wrongs.他尽了一切努力革除弊端。
  • Any man deserves redress if he has been injured unfairly.任何人若蒙受不公平的损害都应获得赔偿。
29 applied Tz2zXA     
adj.应用的；v.应用，适用
参考例句：
  • She plans to take a course in applied linguistics.她打算学习应用语言学课程。
  • This cream is best applied to the face at night.这种乳霜最好晚上擦脸用。
30 clemency qVnyV     
n.温和，仁慈，宽厚
参考例句：
  • The question of clemency would rest with the King.宽大处理问题，将由国王决定。
  • They addressed to the governor a plea for clemency.他们向州长提交了宽刑的申辨书。
31 accusation GJpyf     
n.控告，指责，谴责
参考例句：
  • I was furious at his making such an accusation.我对他的这种责备非常气愤。
  • She knew that no one would believe her accusation.她知道没人会相信她的指控。
32 oversee zKMxr     
vt.监督，管理
参考例句：
  • Soldiers oversee the food handouts.士兵们看管着救济食品。
  • Use a surveyor or architect to oversee and inspect the different stages of the work.请一位房产检视员或建筑师来监督并检查不同阶段的工作。
33 systematic SqMwo     
adj.有系统的，有计划的，有方法的
参考例句：
  • The way he works isn't very systematic.他的工作不是很有条理。
  • The teacher made a systematic work of teaching.这个教师进行系统的教学工作。
34 codicil vWUyb     
n.遗嘱的附录
参考例句：
  • She add a codicil to her will just before she die.她临终前在遗嘱上加了附录。
  • In that codicil he acknowledges me。在那笔附录里，他承认了我。
35 confession 8Ygye     
n.自白，供认，承认
参考例句：
  • Her confession was simply tantamount to a casual explanation.她的自白简直等于一篇即席说明。
  • The police used torture to extort a confession from him.警察对他用刑逼供。
36 authorizes 716083de28a1fe3e0ba0233e695bce8c     
授权，批准，委托( authorize的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings 'traveler' and 'traveller'. 字典裁定traveler和traveller两种拼法都对。
  • The dictionary authorizes the two spellings "honor" and "honour.". 字典裁定 honor 及 honour 两种拼法均可。
37 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
38 collateral wqhzH     
adj.平行的；旁系的；n.担保品
参考例句：
  • Many people use personal assets as collateral for small business loans.很多人把个人财产用作小额商业贷款的抵押品。
  • Most people here cannot borrow from banks because they lack collateral.由于拿不出东西作为抵押，这里大部分人无法从银行贷款。
39 asylum DobyD     
n.避难所，庇护所，避难
参考例句：
  • The people ask for political asylum.人们请求政治避难。
  • Having sought asylum in the West for many years,they were eventually granted it.他们最终获得了在西方寻求多年的避难权。
40 jurisdictions 56c6bce4efb3de7be8c795d15d592c2c     
司法权( jurisdiction的名词复数 )； 裁判权； 管辖区域； 管辖范围
参考例句：
  • Butler entreated him to remember the act abolishing the heritable jurisdictions. 巴特勒提醒他注意废除世袭审判权的国会法令。
  • James I personally adjudicated between the two jurisdictions. 詹姆士一世亲自裁定双方纠纷。
41 statute TGUzb     
n.成文法，法令，法规；章程，规则，条例
参考例句：
  • Protection for the consumer is laid down by statute.保障消费者利益已在法令里作了规定。
  • The next section will consider this environmental statute in detail.下一部分将详细论述环境法令的问题。
42 equity ji8zp     
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
43 offender ZmYzse     
n.冒犯者，违反者，犯罪者
参考例句：
  • They all sued out a pardon for an offender.他们请求法院赦免一名罪犯。
  • The authorities often know that sex offenders will attack again when they are released.当局一般都知道性犯罪者在获释后往往会再次犯案。
44 imprison j9rxk     
vt.监禁，关押，限制，束缚
参考例句：
  • The effect of this one is going to imprison you for life.而这件事的影响力则会让你被终身监禁。
  • Dutch colonial authorities imprisoned him for his part in the independence movement.荷兰殖民当局因他参加独立运动而把他关押了起来。
45 imprisonment I9Uxk     
n.关押，监禁，坐牢
参考例句：
  • His sentence was commuted from death to life imprisonment.他的判决由死刑减为无期徒刑。
  • He was sentenced to one year's imprisonment for committing bigamy.他因为犯重婚罪被判入狱一年。
46 negligence IjQyI     
n.疏忽，玩忽，粗心大意
参考例句：
  • They charged him with negligence of duty.他们指责他玩忽职守。
  • The traffic accident was allegedly due to negligence.这次车祸据说是由于疏忽造成的。
47 doctrine Pkszt     
n.教义；主义；学说
参考例句：
  • He was impelled to proclaim his doctrine.他不得不宣扬他的教义。
  • The council met to consider changes to doctrine.宗教议会开会考虑更改教义。
48 conciliation jYOyy     
n.调解，调停
参考例句：
  • By conciliation,cooperation is established.通过调解，友好合作关系得以确立。
  • Their attempts at conciliation had failed and both sides were once again in dispute.他们进行调停的努力失败了，双方再次陷入争吵。
49 mediation 5Cxxl     
n.调解
参考例句：
  • The dispute was settled by mediation of the third country. 这场争端通过第三国的斡旋而得以解决。
  • The dispute was settled by mediation. 经调解使争端得以解决。
50 concur CnXyH     
v.同意，意见一致，互助，同时发生
参考例句：
  • Wealth and happiness do not always concur.财富与幸福并非总是并存的。
  • I concur with the speaker in condemning what has been done.我同意发言者对所做的事加以谴责。
51 concurring 39fa2f2bfe5d505a1a086e87282cf7dd     
同时发生的，并发的
参考例句：
  • Concurring with expectations, the degree of polymorphism was highest in the central. 正如所料，多型性程度在中部种群中最高。
  • The more an affect arises from a number of causes concurring together, the greater it is. 同时凑合起来以激起一个情感的原因愈多，则这个情感将必愈大。
52 concurrent YncyG     
adj.同时发生的，一致的
参考例句：
  • You can't attend two concurrent events!你不能同时参加两项活动！
  • The twins had concurrent birthday. 双胞胎生日在同一天。
53 concurrently 7a0b4be5325a98c61c407bef16b74293     
adv.同时地
参考例句：
  • He was given two twelve month sentences to run concurrently. 他两罪均判12个月监禁，同期执行。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He was given two prison sentences, to run concurrently. 他两罪均判监禁，同期执行。 来自辞典例句
54 consecutive DpPz0     
adj.连续的，联贯的，始终一贯的
参考例句：
  • It has rained for four consecutive days.已连续下了四天雨。
  • The policy of our Party is consecutive.我党的政策始终如一。
55 condemnation 2pSzp     
n.谴责; 定罪
参考例句：
  • There was widespread condemnation of the invasion. 那次侵略遭到了人们普遍的谴责。
  • The jury's condemnation was a shock to the suspect. 陪审团宣告有罪使嫌疑犯大为震惊。
56 invokes fc473a1a023d32fa292eb356a237b5d0     
v.援引( invoke的第三人称单数 )；行使（权利等）；祈求救助；恳求
参考例句：
  • The Roundtable statement invokes the principles of the free market system. 企业界圆桌会议的声明援用了自由市场制度的原则。 来自辞典例句
  • When no more storage is available, the system invokes a garbage collector. 当没有可用的存贮时，系统就调用无用单元收集程序。 来自辞典例句
57 eminent dpRxn     
adj.显赫的，杰出的，有名的，优良的
参考例句：
  • We are expecting the arrival of an eminent scientist.我们正期待一位著名科学家的来访。
  • He is an eminent citizen of China.他是一个杰出的中国公民。
58 domain ys8xC     
n.(活动等)领域，范围；领地，势力范围
参考例句：
  • This information should be in the public domain.这一消息应该为公众所知。
  • This question comes into the domain of philosophy.这一问题属于哲学范畴。
59 privately IkpzwT     
adv.以私人的身份，悄悄地，私下地
参考例句：
  • Some ministers admit privately that unemployment could continue to rise.一些部长私下承认失业率可能继续升高。
  • The man privately admits that his motive is profits.那人私下承认他的动机是为了牟利。
60 judicially 8e141e97c5a0ea74185aa3796a2330c0     
依法判决地，公平地
参考例句：
  • Geoffrey approached the line of horses and glanced judicially down the row. 杰弗里走进那栏马，用审视的目的目光一匹接一匹地望去。
  • Not all judicially created laws are based on statutory or constitutional interpretation. 并不是所有的司法机关创制的法都以是以成文法或宪法的解释为基础的。
61 debtor bxfxy     
n.借方，债务人
参考例句：
  • He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。
  • The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。
62 creditor tOkzI     
n.债仅人，债主，贷方
参考例句：
  • The boss assigned his car to his creditor.那工头把自己的小汽车让与了债权人。
  • I had to run away from my creditor whom I made a usurious loan.我借了高利贷不得不四处躲债。
63 expiration bmSxA     
n.终结，期满，呼气，呼出物
参考例句：
  • Can I have your credit card number followed by the expiration date?能告诉我你的信用卡号码和它的到期日吗?
  • This contract shall be terminated on the expiration date.劳动合同期满，即行终止。
64 consecutively 8a3a87c7b36569b791fa7c38b06c1a2c     
adv.连续地
参考例句：
  • He was actually too depleted to think consecutively about anything. 他已经打不起一点精神，根本谈不上好好思考一下。 来自辞典例句
  • In any game, the right to serve shall pass consecutively. 在一局中，不错的发球挨次应该是。 来自互联网
65 cumulative LyYxo     
adj.累积的，渐增的
参考例句：
  • This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
  • The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。
66 disposition GljzO     
n.性情，性格；意向，倾向；排列，部署
参考例句：
  • He has made a good disposition of his property.他已对财产作了妥善处理。
  • He has a cheerful disposition.他性情开朗。
67 juvenile OkEy2     
n.青少年，少年读物；adj.青少年的，幼稚的
参考例句：
  • For a grown man he acted in a very juvenile manner.身为成年人，他的行为举止显得十分幼稚。
  • Juvenile crime is increasing at a terrifying rate.青少年犯罪正在以惊人的速度增长。
68 proceeding Vktzvu     
n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报
参考例句：
  • This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
  • The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。
69 proceedings Wk2zvX     
n.进程，过程，议程；诉讼(程序)；公报
参考例句：
  • He was released on bail pending committal proceedings. 他交保获释正在候审。
  • to initiate legal proceedings against sb 对某人提起诉讼
70 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督，管理
参考例句：
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
71 probation 41zzM     
n.缓刑(期)，(以观后效的)察看；试用(期)
参考例句：
  • The judge did not jail the young man,but put him on probation for a year.法官没有把那个年轻人关进监狱，而且将他缓刑察看一年。
  • His salary was raised by 800 yuan after his probation.试用期满以后，他的工资增加了800元。
72 guardianship ab24b083713a2924f6878c094b49d632     
n. 监护, 保护, 守护
参考例句：
  • They had to employ the English language in face of the jealous guardianship of Britain. 他们不得不在英国疑忌重重的监护下使用英文。
  • You want Marion to set aside her legal guardianship and give you Honoria. 你要马丽恩放弃她的法定监护人资格，把霍诺丽娅交给你。
73 conspiracy NpczE     
n.阴谋，密谋，共谋
参考例句：
  • The men were found guilty of conspiracy to murder.这些人被裁决犯有阴谋杀人罪。
  • He claimed that it was all a conspiracy against him.他声称这一切都是一场针对他的阴谋。
74 postponement fe68fdd7c3d68dcd978c3de138b7ce85     
n.推迟
参考例句：
  • He compounded with his creditors for a postponement of payment. 他与债权人达成协议延期付款。
  • Rain caused the postponement of several race-meetings. 几次赛马大会因雨延期。
75 negligent hjdyJ     
adj.疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的
参考例句：
  • The committee heard that he had been negligent in his duty.委员会听说他玩忽职守。
  • If the government is proved negligent,compensation will be payable.如果证明是政府的疏忽，就应支付赔偿。
76 supplementary 0r6ws     
adj.补充的，附加的
参考例句：
  • There is a supplementary water supply in case the rain supply fails.万一主水源断了，我们另外有供水的地方。
  • A supplementary volume has been published containing the index.附有索引的增补卷已经出版。
77 offense HIvxd     
n.犯规，违法行为；冒犯，得罪
参考例句：
  • I hope you will not take any offense at my words. 对我讲的话请别见怪。
  • His words gave great offense to everybody present.他的发言冲犯了在场的所有人。
78 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对，敌对
参考例句：
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
79 administrator SJeyZ     
n.经营管理者，行政官员
参考例句：
  • The role of administrator absorbed much of Ben's energy.行政职务耗掉本很多精力。
  • He has proved himself capable as administrator.他表现出管理才能。
80 reimbursement lkpzR4     
n.偿还，退还
参考例句：
  • He received reimbursement for his travel expenses.由于出差的花费他可以得到公司的补偿。
  • Which forms do I need to complete for my travel reimbursement?我需要填什么表来报我的旅费？
81 minor e7fzR     
adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修
参考例句：
  • The young actor was given a minor part in the new play.年轻的男演员在这出新戏里被分派担任一个小角色。
  • I gave him a minor share of my wealth.我把小部分财产给了他。
82 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地
参考例句：
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
83 transcribes c7fcb10c40833654b10200983daec17a     
（用不同的录音手段）转录( transcribe的第三人称单数 )； 改编（乐曲）（以适应他种乐器或声部）； 抄写； 用音标标出（声音）
参考例句：
  • Mr. Weaver dictates several more letters, then Arlens goes to her typewriter and transcribes them. 韦佛先生又口授了几封信，艾琳就走到打字机去誊清。
  • The genetic material then transcribes the thought-form into physicality, as form. 随后基因材料把思想形态转录到肉体性，即形体。
84 stenographer fu3w0     
n.速记员
参考例句：
  • The police stenographer recorded the man's confession word by word. 警察局速记员逐字记下了那个人的供词。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A qualified stenographer is not necessarily a competent secretary. 一个合格的速记员不一定就是个称职的秘书。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
85 statutes 2e67695e587bd14afa1655b870b4c16e     
成文法( statute的名词复数 )； 法令； 法规； 章程
参考例句：
  • The numerous existing statutes are complicated and poorly coordinated. 目前繁多的法令既十分复杂又缺乏快调。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • Each agency is also restricted by the particular statutes governing its activities. 各个机构的行为也受具体法令限制。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
86 offenses 4bfaaba4d38a633561a0153eeaf73f91     
n.进攻( offense的名词复数 )；（球队的）前锋；进攻方法；攻势
参考例句：
  • It's wrong of you to take the child to task for such trifling offenses. 因这类小毛病责备那孩子是你的不对。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Thus, Congress cannot remove an executive official except for impeachable offenses. 因此，除非有可弹劾的行为，否则国会不能罢免行政官员。 来自英汉非文学 - 行政法
87 notations 36b4537b902365db6afac5ae2e6e132e     
记号，标记法( notation的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • He was frowning and wishing he could decode the notations on the slips. 他皱着眉，挖空心思地想认出赌签上的记号。 来自教父部分
  • In section 2, we give some notations and some lemmas. 在本文第二部分，我们给出一些符号及引理。
88 detentions 2d4769435811f286b7e2f522d8538716     
拘留( detention的名词复数 )； 扣押； 监禁； 放学后留校
参考例句：
  • Teachers may assign detention tasks as they wish and some detentions have been actually dangerous. 老师可能随心所欲指派关禁闭的形式，有些禁闭事实上很危险。
  • Intimidation, beatings and administrative detentions are often enough to prevent them from trying again. 恐吓，拷打和行政拘留足以阻止请愿者二次进京的脚步。
89 indictments 4b724e4ddbecb664d09e416836a01cc7     
n.（制度、社会等的）衰败迹象( indictment的名词复数 )；刑事起诉书；公诉书；控告
参考例句：
  • A New York jury brought criminal indictments against the founder of the organization. 纽约的一个陪审团对这个组织的创始人提起了多项刑事诉讼。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • These two indictments are self-evident and require no elaboration. 这两条意义自明，无须多说。 来自互联网
90 dispositions eee819c0d17bf04feb01fd4dcaa8fe35     
安排( disposition的名词复数 )； 倾向； （财产、金钱的）处置； 气质
参考例句：
  • We got out some information about the enemy's dispositions from the captured enemy officer. 我们从捕获的敌军官那里问出一些有关敌军部署的情况。
  • Elasticity, solubility, inflammability are paradigm cases of dispositions in natural objects. 伸缩性、可缩性、易燃性是天然物体倾向性的范例。
91 insanity H6xxf     
n.疯狂，精神错乱；极端的愚蠢，荒唐
参考例句：
  • In his defense he alleged temporary insanity.他伪称一时精神错乱，为自己辩解。
  • He remained in his cell,and this visit only increased the belief in his insanity.他依旧还是住在他的地牢里，这次视察只是更加使人相信他是个疯子了。
92 defendants 7d469c27ef878c3ccf7daf5b6ab392dc     
被告( defendant的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The courts heard that the six defendants had been coerced into making a confession. 法官审判时发现6位被告人曾被迫承认罪行。
  • As in courts, the defendants are represented by legal counsel. 与法院相同，被告有辩护律师作为代表。 来自英汉非文学 - 政府文件
93 bail Aupz4     
v.舀（水），保释；n.保证金，保释，保释人
参考例句：
  • One of the prisoner's friends offered to bail him out.犯人的一个朋友答应保释他出来。
  • She has been granted conditional bail.她被准予有条件保释。

©2005-2010英文阅读网