中考英语语法考点04介词概要

上期节目回顾：[节目]中考英语语法考点03 副词

上期节目答案：B D C C A D B B A A

本期节目内容：

　　I． 要点

　　1、介词和种类
　　（1） 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about, across¹, before, beside, for , to, without等。
　　（2） 复合介词，如by means² of, along³ with, because of, in front of, instead⁵ of等。

　　2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
　　（1） 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask for, belong⁷ to, break away from, care⁸ about等。
　　（2） 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry with, different from, good at
　　（3） 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to, reason⁹ for, cause⁴ of, visit to等.

　　3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly¹⁰, all, well, directly¹¹, completely等少数几个副词。如：
　　He came¹³ right after dinner.
　　He lives directly opposite¹⁴ the school.

　　4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例

　　（1） at, on, in（表时间）
　　表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
　　指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
　　指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer, in 1999等。

　　（2） between, among¹⁵（表位置）
　　between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between, 如
　　I'm sitting between Tom and Alice.
　　The village lies¹⁶ between three hills.
　　among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
　　He is the best among the students.

　　（3） beside, besides¹⁷
　　beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
　　He sat¹⁸ beside me.
　　What do you want besides this?

　　（4）in the tree, on the tree
　　in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上

　　（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this way
　　on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
　　by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法

　　（6）in the corner, at the corner
　　in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外

　　（7）in the morning, on the morning
　　in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨

　　（8）by bus, on the bus
　　by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车

　　II． 例题

　　例1 Do you know any other foreign¹⁹ language____ English?
　　A except²⁰ B but C beside D besides
　　解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides, 　　意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？

　　例2 He suddenly²¹ returned²² ____ a rainy night.
　　A on B at C in D during²³
　　解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。

　　例3 I'm looking forward²⁴ ____your letter.
　　A to B in C at D on
　　解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。　

随堂练习：

( ) 1 Children get gifts ____ Christmas and ____ their birthdays.
A. on; on B. at; on C. in; in D. in; on

( ) 2 -There is nothing ____tomorrow afternoon, is there?
-No. We can have a game of table tennis.
A. on B. in C. out D. up

( ) 3 A lot of students in our school were born____March, 1981.
A. in B. at C. on D. since²⁵

( ) 4 tie suddenly returned____ a rainy night.
A. on B. at C. in D. during

( ) 5 My grandfather was²⁶ born____Oct. 10, 1935.
A. on B. in C. at D. of

( ) 6 The train is starting___five minutes.
A. in B. at C. for D.still

( ) 7 Mike does his exercises ____ seven _____ the evening.
A. on; to B. at; in C. by; of D. at; on

( ) 8 The population²⁷ of the world has grown very fast ____ four hundred years.
A. for past the B. in the pass C. in the past D. for past

( ) 9 We returned to our hometown___.
A. next week B. in the last week C. last week D. for a week

( ) 10 Great changes have taken place___.
A. in the last few²⁸ year B. in the last few years
C. last year D. on the last year