初中英语词汇语法第五十七讲 句子谓语

时间：2007-04-02 01:55:05

（单词翻译:单击）

谓语[predicate verb]是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样。谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
 
　　谓语有动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。不论何种时态，语态，语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
 
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。例如：
I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)
I made1 your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)
It is used2 by travellers3 and business4 people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)
 
复合谓语也可分为两种情况：
 
第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：
What does this word mean?
I won't do it again.
I'll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.
You'd better catch a bus.
 
第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。例如：
You look the same.
We are all here.
The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.
Keep quite and listen to me.
He looked worried5.
We have to be up early in the moming.
Is Bill6 in?
School Is over. Let's go home.
My pen is in my bag.
I feel terrible7.
I fell8 tried all the time.
He seemed9 rather10 tired last night.
 
　　连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系，不宜分割；有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍，此处不多说了。 
 
　　常见双谓语错误句型：
　　
　　英语中一个简单句只能出现一个谓语动词，因为谓语必须由动词担任，但动词不一定作谓语，不少同学因受汉语习惯影响将非谓语动词作谓语使用，造成双谓语错误句型。常见双谓语错误句型误用句型如下：
 
一、误用定语性动作作谓语
 
例 站在那儿的学生来自北京。
(误) The student stood11 there came12 from Beijing.
(正)The student standing13 there came from Beijing.
(正)The student who stood there came from Beijing.
析：“站在那儿”属定语性动作，修饰名词“学生”，因此属误用。
 
二、误用宾语性动作作谓语
 
不少同学不能根据谓语成分成立条件，误用谓语动词表达宾语性动作，造成双谓语错误句型。
 
例 她说她将明确拒绝给予他帮助。
(误)She said14 she would15 refuse clearly16 help him.
(正)She said she would refuse clearly to help him.
析：“帮助他” 属宾语性动作，不能作谓语动词help him表达，应用不定式to help him表达。
 
三、误用表语性动作作谓语
 
例 我的人生目标是在一切领域取得成绩。
(误)My life17 aim18 is make achievements19 in everything.
(正)My life aim is to make / making achievements in everything.
析：“在一切领域取得成绩”属表语性动作，不能用谓语动词make achievements in everything表达，应用动词不定式to make achievements in everything或动名词making achievements in everything表达。
 
四、误用状语性动作作谓语
 
例 他手里拿着一本书走进教室。
(误)He came into the room, held a book in his hand.
(正)He came into the room, holding a book in his hand.
析：“手里拿着一本书”属伴随状语，因此不能用谓语动词held表达，应用现在分词holding表达。
 
五、“有……人做某事”句型的误用
　　表“有……人做某事”时，不少学生没有考虑到“做某事”已为谓语动词，又使用there be句型，造成双谓语错误句型。
 
例 今天有二十个学生迟到。
(误)There are twenty students are late today.
(正)Twenty students are late today.
(正)There are twenty students who are late today.
析：“有”与“迟到”均属动词，不能同时使用。

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1 made hAgx2     
v.make的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • They were not made in china.它们不是中国制造的。
  • The monkey made a long arm for the peach.猴子伸臂去摘桃子。
2 used ajBwV     
adj.用旧了的，旧的；习惯于…；过去惯/经常
参考例句：
  • I used to work until nearly 6:00 o'clock each day.我过去常常工作到6:00左右。
  • He used to walk anywhere from two to five miles an hour.他过去经常一小时走二至五英里。
3 travellers 1864e7f39b51167cbde73f11876b0286     
n.旅行者( traveller的名词复数 )；旅游者；旅客；游客
参考例句：
  • The unusually heavy rainfall was an ill omen for the travellers. 异乎寻常的大雨是旅行者的不祥之兆。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The travellers looked weather-beaten, there was little spit and polish. 旅客们满面风尘，仪容不整。 来自《简明英汉词典》
4 business 1ScyK     
n.商业， 买卖， 交易， 生意， 事情， 事物， 营业， 商行
参考例句：
  • My father built his business on years of hard work. 我父亲多年奋斗创立了自己的事业。
  • We must finish up this business in a day or two. 我们必须在一两天内把这事结束。
5 worried petzJ1     
adj.烦恼的，为难的，焦虑的
参考例句：
  • He was worried about the safety of me.他为我的安全担心。
  • He worried his father to buy a new car.他苦苦缠着父亲要买一辆新车。
6 bill MdAy2     
(Bill)比尔(男名)；n.帐单，钞票，票据，清单；议案，法案；广告；鸟嘴，喙；vt.开帐单，用海报宣传，把...列成表
参考例句：
  • Bill is both a good swimmer and a good cook.比尔不仅是个游泳好手，而且是个烹调能手。
  • It will save trouble if you pay the bill now.如果你现在付账就没事了。
7 terrible upuwF     
adj.可怕的，糟糕的，极其的
参考例句：
  • I think you've made a terrible mistake.我认为你犯了一个严重的错误。
  • This is a terrible idea.这是一个可怕的想法。
8 fell lkFxh     
vbl.fall的过去式，vt.击倒，打倒（疾病等），致于...死地，砍伐；n.一季所伐的木材，兽皮，羊毛；adj.凶猛的，可怕的
参考例句：
  • I fell to the ground.我摔倒在地上。
  • The young couple fell in love at first sight.这对年轻人一见钟情。
9 seemed 7757cc400c1d2ae98b57cbaa95e28b05     
v.好像，仿佛( seem的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • She seemed totally absorbed in her book. 她好像完全被这本书迷住了。
  • My life seemed aimless. 我的生活似乎没有目标。
10 rather TTOx1     
adv.宁愿，宁可；相当
参考例句：
  • I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话，我宁愿今晚出去。
  • This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
11 stood AuEwX     
vbl.stand的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • She stood up when they came in.当他们进来时，她站了起来。
  • The child stood by the side of his mother.孩子站在母亲身边。
12 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句：
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里，我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
13 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
14 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句：
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
15 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
参考例句：
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
16 clearly cVKyU     
adj.清楚的；adv. 清楚地
参考例句：
  • I remember it quite clearly.这事我记得很清楚。
  • We clearly need to think again.我们显然需要重新考虑。
17 life C1LxR     
n.生活；生命
参考例句：
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
  • At last he knew the meaning of life.终于，他知道了生命的意义。
18 aim vKGyO     
n.目标，对准；v.对准目标，打算
参考例句：
  • He has a high aim in life.他的人生目标很高。
  • He spent most of his life without aim.他毫无目标地度过了大半生。
19 achievements 6e373659f3c93670f67f66279ce312f1     
n.成就( achievement的名词复数 )；成绩；功绩；达到
参考例句：
  • She felt her husband constantly belittled her achievements. 她觉得她的丈夫时常贬低她的成就。
  • I didn't intend to denigrate her achievements. 我不是想贬低她的成绩。

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