有毒蜈蚣的进化简史

时间：2014-05-22 06:46:53

（单词翻译:单击）

Venomous（有毒的） creatures usually conjure2 up images of hissing3 snakes or stinging scorpions4--but for scientists Bryan Fry, et. al., an overlooked group --centipedes-- are all the rage. Centipedes（蜈蚣） prey5 on bugs6 and other pests by stinging them with venom1 secreted7 from and injected from their first pair of pincer-like legs, called forcipules. In a new paper published in the advanced online edition of Molecular8 Biology and Evolution, the research team analyzed9 all venom protein and peptide sequences available for centipedes,
 
Next, they build these sequences into genetic10 trees to catalog, categorize and reconstruct their evolutionary11 histories.
 
Overall, they identified a high-diversity of 60 unique venom protein and peptide（缩氨酸） families from just five species investigated. Eleven of these families represented new proteins families, showing novel ways for centipede venom. Others proteins were convergent12（会聚性的）, or evolved independently, along with toxins14 used by spiders and scorpions. The results showed a vast functional15 diversity of centipede toxins that can significantly aid in the understanding of toxin13 evolution. They are also a treasure trove16（无主珍宝） with a high potential for use in drug design and development.

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1 venom qLqzr     
n.毒液，恶毒，痛恨
参考例句：
  • The snake injects the venom immediately after biting its prey.毒蛇咬住猎物之后马上注入毒液。
  • In fact,some components of the venom may benefit human health.事实上，毒液的某些成分可能有益于人类健康。
2 conjure tnRyN     
v.恳求，祈求；变魔术，变戏法
参考例句：
  • I conjure you not to betray me.我恳求你不要背弃我。
  • I can't simply conjure up the money out of thin air.我是不能像变魔术似的把钱变来。
3 hissing hissing     
n. 发嘶嘶声, 蔑视 动词hiss的现在分词形式
参考例句：
  • The steam escaped with a loud hissing noise. 蒸汽大声地嘶嘶冒了出来。
  • His ears were still hissing with the rustle of the leaves. 他耳朵里还听得萨萨萨的声音和屑索屑索的怪声。 来自汉英文学 - 春蚕
4 scorpions 0f63b2c0873e8cba29ba4550835d32a9     
n.蝎子( scorpion的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • You promise me that Black Scorpions will never come back to Lanzhou. 你保证黑蝎子永远不再踏上兰州的土地。 来自电影对白
  • You Scorpions are rather secretive about your likes and dislikes. 天蝎：蝎子是如此的神秘，你的喜好很难被别人洞悉。 来自互联网
5 prey g1czH     
n.被掠食者，牺牲者，掠食；v.捕食，掠夺，折磨
参考例句：
  • Stronger animals prey on weaker ones.弱肉强食。
  • The lion was hunting for its prey.狮子在寻找猎物。
6 bugs e3255bae220613022d67e26d2e4fa689     
adj.疯狂的，发疯的n.窃听器( bug的名词复数 )；病菌；虫子；[计算机]（制作软件程序所产生的意料不到的）错误
参考例句：
  • All programs have bugs and need endless refinement. 所有的程序都有漏洞，都需要不断改进。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The sacks of rice were swarming with bugs. 一袋袋的米里长满了虫子。 来自《简明英汉词典》
7 secreted a4714b3ddc8420a17efed0cdc6ce32bb     
v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的过去式和过去分词 )；隐匿，隐藏
参考例句：
  • Insulin is secreted by the pancreas. 胰岛素是胰腺分泌的。
  • He secreted his winnings in a drawer. 他把赢来的钱藏在抽届里。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 molecular mE9xh     
adj.分子的；克分子的
参考例句：
  • The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。
  • For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。
9 analyzed 483f1acae53789fbee273a644fdcda80     
v.分析( analyze的过去式和过去分词 )；分解；解释；对…进行心理分析
参考例句：
  • The doctors analyzed the blood sample for anemia. 医生们分析了贫血的血样。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • The young man did not analyze the process of his captivation and enrapturement, for love to him was a mystery and could not be analyzed. 这年轻人没有分析自己蛊惑著迷的过程，因为对他来说，爱是个不可分析的迷。 来自《简明英汉词典》
10 genetic PgIxp     
adj.遗传的，遗传学的
参考例句：
  • It's very difficult to treat genetic diseases.遗传性疾病治疗起来很困难。
  • Each daughter cell can receive a full complement of the genetic information.每个子细胞可以收到遗传信息的一个完全补偿物。
11 evolutionary Ctqz7m     
adj.进化的；演化的，演变的；[生]进化论的
参考例句：
  • Life has its own evolutionary process.生命有其自身的进化过程。
  • These are fascinating questions to be resolved by the evolutionary studies of plants.这些十分吸引人的问题将在研究植物进化过程中得以解决。
12 convergent PZDyF     
adj.会聚的
参考例句：
  • A curved-inwards wall has a convergent effect on wall spray.凹型壁面对碰壁喷雾有聚集作用。
  • If a sequence is not convergent,it is divergent.如果一个序列不收敛，我们称它发散。
13 toxin hn5wb     
n.毒素，毒质
参考例句：
  • Experts have linked this condition to a build-up of toxins in the body.专家已把这一病症与体内毒素的积累联系起来。
  • Tests showed increased levels of toxin in shellfish.检验表明水生有壳动物的毒素水平提高了。
14 toxins 18c3f40d432ba8dc33bad8fb82873ea8     
n.毒素( toxin的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The seas have been used as a receptacle for a range of industrial toxins. 海洋成了各种有毒工业废料的大容器。
  • Most toxins are naturally excreted from the body. 大部分毒素被自然排出体外。 来自《简明英汉词典》
15 functional 5hMxa     
adj.为实用而设计的，具备功能的，起作用的
参考例句：
  • The telephone was out of order,but is functional now.电话刚才坏了，但现在可以用了。
  • The furniture is not fancy,just functional.这些家具不是摆着好看的，只是为了实用。
16 trove 5pIyp     
n.被发现的东西，收藏的东西
参考例句：
  • He assembled a rich trove of Chinese porcelain.他收集了一批中国瓷器。
  • The gallery is a treasure trove of medieval art.这个画廊是中世纪艺术的宝库。

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