章鱼触手不会吸附自己身体的奥秘

An octopus¹'s arms are covered in hundreds of suckers that will stick to just about anything, with one important exception. Those suckers generally won't grab onto the octopus itself; otherwise, the impressively flexible animals would quickly find themselves all tangled² up. Now, researchers from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem report in the Cell Press publication Current Biology on May 15 that they have discovered how octopuses³ manage this feat⁴, even as the octopuses' brains are unaware⁵ of what their arms are doing. A chemical produced by octopus skin temporarily prevents their suckers from sucking.

 

"We were surprised that nobody before us had noticed this very robust⁶ and easy-to-detect phenomena," says Guy Levy⁷, who carried out the research with co-first author Nir Nesher. "We were entirely⁸ surprised by the brilliant and simple solution of the octopus to this potentially very complicated problem."

 

Binyamin Hochner and his colleagues had been working with octopuses for many years, focusing especially on their flexible arms and body motor control. There is a very good reason that octopuses don't know where their arms are exactly, in the same way that people or other animals do.

 

"Our motor control system is based on a rather fixed⁹ representation of the motor and sensory¹⁰ systems in the brain in a formant of maps that have body part coordinates," Hochner explains.

 

That works for us because our rigid¹¹ skeletons limit the number of possibilities. "It is hard to envisage¹² （正视，面对）similar mechanisms¹³ to function in the octopus brain because its very long and flexible arms have an infinite number of degrees of freedom," Hochner continues. "Therefore, using such maps would have been tremendously difficult for the octopus, and maybe even impossible."

 

Indeed, experiments have supported the notion that octopuses lack accurate knowledge about the position of their arms. And that raised an intriguing¹⁴（有趣的） question: How, then, do octopuses avoid tying themselves up in knots?

 

To answer that question, the researchers observed the behavior of amputated octopus arms, which remain very active for an hour after separation. Those observations showed that the arms never grabbed octopus skin, though they would grab a skinned octopus arm. The octopus arms didn't grab Petri dishes covered with octopus skin, either, and they attached to dishes covered with octopus skin extract with much less force than they otherwise would.

 

"The results so far show, and for the first time, that the skin of the octopus prevents octopus arms from attaching to each other or to themselves in a reflexive manner," the researchers write. "The drastic reduction in the response to the skin crude extract suggests that a specific chemical signal in the skin mediates¹⁵ the inhibition of sucker grabbing."

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