钻探开采碳氢化合物影响水生生物

时间：2013-11-07 06:21:23

（单词翻译:单击）

The degradation1 of drilling sumps（池） associated with hydrocarbon2 extraction can negatively affect aquatic3 ecosystems4, according to new research published November 6th in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by Joshua Thienpont and colleagues at Queen's University and other institutions. Hydrocarbons5 are a primary source of energy as combustible6（易燃的） fuel. Although hydrocarbon exploration and extraction are profitable enterprises, hydrocarbons contribute to the formation of greenhouse gases and are therefore a major stressor to the environment.
 
During the process of exploring for hydrocarbons, drilling sumps are used to permanently7 store the waste associated with drilling. In the Mackenzie Delta8 region of Canada's western Arctic, more than 150 drilling sumps were constructed for this purpose. Although the areas surrounding the sumps were believed to be frozen by the surrounding permafrost（永久冻土）, recent findings suggest that these areas may actually be thawing10（融化）. In this study, the authors examine the environmental effects of this type of drilling sump containment11 loss in the Mackenzie Delta.
 
Because drilling fluids are saline, they tested whether leakage12 to surface waters was occurring by measuring changes in conductivity, as saline is more conductive than pure water. They also hypothesized that if saline-rich wastes from drilling sumps were impacting lakes, there should be changes in the types of life forms present. Zooplankton, for example, are a key component13 of aquatic ecosystems and various species survive differently in saline（盐的） versus14 fresh water.
 
Through an analysis of lake sediments15, they found changes in the community composition of zooplankton due to sump degradation. These results suggest that climate change and permafrost thaw9 can have deleterious consequences to aquatic life through the degradation and leaking of drilling sumps.
 
Thienpont elaborates, "The leaching16 of wastes from drilling sumps represents a newly identified example of one of the cumulative17 impacts of recent climate change impacting the sensitive freshwater ecosystems of the Arctic."

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1 degradation QxKxL     
n.降级；低落；退化；陵削；降解；衰变
参考例句：
  • There are serious problems of land degradation in some arid zones.在一些干旱地带存在严重的土地退化问题。
  • Gambling is always coupled with degradation.赌博总是与堕落相联系。
2 hydrocarbon tcMzs     
n.烃，碳氢化合物
参考例句：
  • During incomplete combustion some of the hydrocarbon fuel is cracked.在不完全的燃烧中，一些烃燃料裂解。
  • The hydrocarbon must be an alkene.这个碳氢化合物必定是烯烃。
3 aquatic mvXzk     
adj.水生的，水栖的
参考例句：
  • Aquatic sports include swimming and rowing.水上运动包括游泳和划船。
  • We visited an aquatic city in Italy.我们在意大利访问过一个水上城市。
4 ecosystems 94cb0e40a815bea1157ac8aab9a5380d     
n.生态系统( ecosystem的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • There are highly sensitive and delicately balanced ecosystems in the forest. 森林里有高度敏感、灵敏平衡的各种生态系统。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Madagascar's ecosystems range from rainforest to semi-desert. 马达加斯加生态系统类型多样，从雨林到半荒漠等不一而足。 来自辞典例句
5 hydrocarbons e809b45a335ac8bfbaa26f5ce65d98e9     
n.碳氢化合物，烃( hydrocarbon的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Hydrocarbons (HC), like carbon monoxide, represent unburned and wasted fuel. 碳氢化合物(HC)像一氧化碳一样，为未燃尽的和被浪费掉的燃料。 来自英汉非文学 - 环境法 - 环境法
  • With this restricted frequency range it is not applicable to hydrocarbons. 这个较紧缩的频率范围不适用于烃类。 来自辞典例句
6 combustible yqizS     
a. 易燃的,可燃的; n. 易燃物,可燃物
参考例句：
  • Don't smoke near combustible materials. 别在易燃的材料附近吸烟。
  • We mustn't take combustible goods aboard. 我们不可带易燃品上车。
7 permanently KluzuU     
adv.永恒地，永久地，固定不变地
参考例句：
  • The accident left him permanently scarred.那次事故给他留下了永久的伤疤。
  • The ship is now permanently moored on the Thames in London.该船现在永久地停泊在伦敦泰晤士河边。
8 delta gxvxZ     
n.（流的）角洲
参考例句：
  • He has been to the delta of the Nile.他曾去过尼罗河三角洲。
  • The Nile divides at its mouth and forms a delta.尼罗河在河口分岔，形成了一个三角洲。
9 thaw fUYz5     
v.（使）融化，（使）变得友善；n.融化，缓和
参考例句：
  • The snow is beginning to thaw.雪已开始融化。
  • The spring thaw caused heavy flooding.春天解冻引起了洪水泛滥。
10 thawing 604d0753ea9b93ae6b1e926b72f6eda8     
n.熔化，融化v.（气候）解冻( thaw的现在分词 )；（态度、感情等）缓和；（冰、雪及冷冻食物）溶化；软化
参考例句：
  • The ice is thawing. 冰在融化。 来自《现代英汉综合大词典》
  • It had been snowing and thawing and the streets were sloppy. 天一直在下雪，雪又一直在融化，街上泥泞不堪。 来自英汉文学 - 嘉莉妹妹
11 containment fZnyi     
n.阻止，遏制；容量
参考例句：
  • Your list might include such things as cost containment,quality,or customer satisfaction.你的清单上应列有诸如成本控制、产品质量、客户满意程度等内容。
  • Insularity and self-containment,it is argued,go hand in hand.他们争论说，心胸狭窄和自我封闭是并存的。
12 leakage H1dxq     
n.漏，泄漏；泄漏物；漏出量
参考例句：
  • Large areas of land have been contaminated by the leakage from the nuclear reactor.大片地区都被核反应堆的泄漏物污染了。
  • The continuing leakage is the result of the long crack in the pipe.这根管子上的那一条裂缝致使渗漏不断。
13 component epSzv     
n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的
参考例句：
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
14 versus wi7wU     
prep.以…为对手，对；与…相比之下
参考例句：
  • The big match tonight is England versus Spain.今晚的大赛是英格兰对西班牙。
  • The most exciting game was Harvard versus Yale.最富紧张刺激的球赛是哈佛队对耶鲁队。
15 sediments 8b3acb612b624abdf2c2881bc6928565     
沉淀物( sediment的名词复数 )； 沉积物
参考例句：
  • When deposited, 70-80% of the volume of muddy sediments may be water. 泥质沉积物沉积后，体积的70-80％是水。
  • Oligocene erosion had truncated the sediments draped over the dome. 覆盖于穹丘上的沉积岩为渐新世侵蚀所截削。
16 leaching 1e372f36a995d8d1d41109f43f4cfdb5     
n.滤取，滤去v.（将化学品、矿物质等）过滤( leach的现在分词 )；（液体）过滤，滤去
参考例句：
  • The lack of humus and the excessive leaching make this soil almost useless for agricultural purpose. 缺少腐殖质和过度淋滤使这种土壤对农业几乎无用。 来自辞典例句
  • The deep oxidation and groundwater leaching solubilizes much of the loosely bound uranium. 深部氧化和地下水淋蚀使大部分固定得比较松散的铀溶解。 来自辞典例句
17 cumulative LyYxo     
adj.累积的，渐增的
参考例句：
  • This drug has a cumulative effect.这种药有渐增的效力。
  • The benefits from eating fish are cumulative.吃鱼的好处要长期才能显现。

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