铝合金可用于制作燃料电池的储氢装置

We use aluminum¹ to make planes lightweight, store sodas² in recyclable containers, keep the walls of our homes energy efficient and ensure that the Thanksgiving turkey is cooked to perfection. Now, thanks to a group of Japanese researchers, there may soon be a new application for the versatile³（多才多艺的） metal: hydrogen storage for fuel cells. Lightweight interstitial（间质的） hydrides（氢化物） -- compounds in which hydrogen atoms occupy the interstices (spaces) between metal atoms -- have been proposed as a safe and efficient means for storing hydrogen for fuel cell vehicles. Hydrides using magnesium⁴, sodium⁵ and boron have been manufactured, but so far, none have proven practical as a hydrogen repository（贮藏室）. An aluminum-based alloy⁶ hydride offers a more viable⁷ candidate because it has the desired traits of light weight, no toxicity⁸ to plants and animals, and absence of volatile⁹ gas products except for hydrogen. Until now, however, only complex aluminum hydrides -- unsuitable for use as a hydrogen storage system -- have been created.

 

In a recent paper in the AIP Publishing journal APL Materials, a joint¹⁰ research group with members from the Japan Atomic Energy Agency (Hyogo, Japan) and Tohoku University (Sendai, Japan) announced that it had achieved the long-sought goal of a simple-structured, aluminum-based interstitial alloy. Their compound, Al2CuHx, was synthesized by hydrogenating Al2Cu at an extreme pressure of 10 gigapascals (1.5 million pounds per square inch) and a high temperature of 800 degrees Celsius¹¹ (1,500 degrees Fahrenheit).

 

The researchers characterized the conditions of the hydrogenation reaction using in-situ synchrotron（同步加速器） radiation X-ray diffraction measurement, while the crystal and electron structures of the compound formed were studied with powder X-ray diffraction measurement and first-principle calculations, respectively. Together, these examinations confirmed the first-ever formation of an interstitial hydride of an aluminum-based alloy.

 

"Although its synthesis requires very extreme conditions and its hydrogen content is low, our new compound showed that an aluminum-based alloy hydride is achievable," said Hiroyuki Saitoh, lead author of the APL Materials paper.

 

"Based on what we've learned from this first step, we plan to synthesize similar materials at more moderate conditions -- products that hopefully will prove to be very effective at storing hydrogen."

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