猎豹有独特的捕猎技巧

A new research study has revealed that the cheetah¹（猎豹）, the world's fastest land animal, matches and may even anticipate the escape tactics of different prey² when hunting, rather than just relying on its speed and agility³（敏捷） as previously⁴ thought. The study, which has just been published in the Royal Society Journal Biology Letters was carried out by a team of researchers from Queen's University Belfast, in collaboration⁵ with other Institutions in the UK (University of Aberdeen, University of Swansea, Institute of Zoology⁶, Zoological Society of London, University of Oxford), and elsewhere (North Carolina State University, The Lewis Foundation, South African National Parks, Earth and OCEAN Technologies, Kiel, Germany).

 

The research team used GPS and accelerometer data loggers deployed⁷ on cheetahs⁸, along with traditional observation methods. The study was funded by a Royal Society International Joint⁹ Project grant, a NERC New Investigator¹⁰ award and the Lewis Foundation.

 

Explaining the team's findings, lead researcher Dr Michael Scantlebury, from the School of Biological Sciences at Queen's University Belfast, said: "The more we understand, about the physiology¹¹ and the hunting tactics of this charismatic animal, the more we are able to ensure its continuing existence."

 

"Our study found that whilst cheetahs are capable of running at exceptionally high speeds, the common adage¹² that they simply 'outrun' their prey does not explain how they are able to capture more agile¹³ animals. Previous research has highlighted their incredible speed and acceleration¹⁴ and their ability to turn after escaping prey. We have now shown that hunt tactics are prey-specific.

 

"In other words, we now know that rather than a simple maximum speed chase, cheetahs first accelerate towards their quarry¹⁵（采石场，猎物） before slowing down to mirror prey-specific escaping tactics. We suggest that cheetahs modulate¹⁶ their hunting speed to enable rapid turns, in a predator-prey arms race, where pace is pitted against agility. Basically, cheetahs have clear different chase strategies depending on prey species."

 

The research suggests that cheetah chases comprise two primary phases, the first an initial rapid acceleration resulting in high speed to quickly catch up with prey, followed by a second, which is a prey-specific slowing period, five to eight seconds before the end of the chase, that enables the cheetah to match turns instigated¹⁷ by prey as the distance between them closes.

 

Dr Scantlebury added: "We have discovered that cheetahs first accelerate rapidly to get them close to the prey but then have to actively¹⁸ slow down to be able to match prey escape manoeuvres（策略，调动）. It is like a deadly tango between the hunter and the hunted, with one mirroring the escape tactics of the other."

 

"The time spent in the initial and second phase differs according to prey species, with some species such as ostriches¹⁹, hares and steenbok attempting to escape by executing sudden changes in direction, whilst other species such as wildebeest, gemsbok and springbok attempt to run fast in a more or less straight line. It almost seems as if the amount of power or effort put into a chase is decided²⁰ at the beginning of the chase depending on the prey species."

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