美最高法院扩充枪支所有权

The US Supreme¹ Court has restricted the rights of state and city governments to enforce controls on gun ownership.

美国最高法院限制各州和城市政府的权力以加强对枪支所有权的控制。

Some cities like Chicago have strict firearms rules

The US's highest court ruled by 5-4 that a ban on handgun ownership in the city of Chicago was unconstitutional（违反宪法的） .

Justices said the US Constitution protected the right to keep and bear arms for the purpose of self-defence.

The ruling could potentially change laws on gun ownership in many of the 50 US states.

Debate over the exact meaning of the constitutional right to keep and bear arms has raged for years in the US.

The amendment² reads: "A well regulated Militia³（民兵组织，义勇军） , being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms shall not be infringed⁴（侵犯，破坏） ."

Two years ago, the court ruled a ban on handguns in Washington DC was unconstitutional - declaring that the Second Amendment protects an individual's right to possess guns, at least for purposes of self-defence in the home.

But Washington is a federal city, with a unique legal standing⁵.

Gun rights proponents⁶（支持者） almost immediately filed a federal lawsuit⁸ challenging gun control laws in Chicago, Illinois, and its suburb（郊区） of Oak Park, where handguns have been banned for nearly 30 years.

In Monday's ruling on that challenge the justices said the Second Amendment right "applies equally to the federal government and the states".

Correspondents say the ruling will be seen as a blow to efforts to reduce the role of firearms in American life.

The justices seen as the more liberal - Stevens, Breyer, Ginsburg and Sotomayor - voted against the latest ruling.

The case was brought by four Chicago residents as well as local firearms rights activists⁹ and the National Rifle Association.

The latest Supreme Court decision does not explicitly¹¹ strike down the Chicago area laws, but it orders a federal appeals court to reconsider its ruling - leaving little doubt that the laws will eventually be overturned.

The NRA welcomed the "landmark¹² decision" of the court.

"The NRA will work to ensure this constitutional victory is not transformed into a practical defeat by activist¹⁰ judges, defiant¹³（挑衅的，蔑视的） city councils or cynical¹⁴（愤世嫉俗的） politicians who seek to pervert¹⁵, reverse or nullify（作废，取消） the Supreme Court's McDonald decision," said NRA executive vice-president Wayne LaPierre.

New York Mayor Michael Bloomberg, an ardent¹⁶（热情的，激烈的） proponent⁷ of gun control, said the ruling allows cities "to keep guns out of the hands of criminals and terrorists while at the same time respecting the constitutional rights of law-abiding citizens".

The Supreme Court's decision follows a weekend in which 29 people in Chicago were shot, three of them fatally, according to local media.

The Chicago Sun-Times reported that 54 people were shot, 10 of whom died, the previous weekend as well.