过去完成时

时间：2007-01-24 08:02:15

（单词翻译:单击）

1） 概念：表示过去的过去
----|-------|-----|---->其构成是had +过去分词构成。
那时以前　 那时　现在　　　　　　

2） 用法
　a.　在told, said2, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。
　　 She said (that) she had1 never been to Paris.
　b. 状语从句
　　 在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。
　　 When the police4 arrived, the thieves5 had run away.
　c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect7, think, intend8, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"
　　 We had hoped9 that you would10 come, but you didn't.

3)　过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until11 , when, after, once, as12 soon as。
　 He said that he had learned13 some English before.
　 By the time he was14 twelve, Edison had began to make a living15 by himself16.
　Tom was disappointed17 that most of the guests18 had left when he arrived at the party.

典型例题　
　 The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.　
A. had written, left　B，were writing19, has left　 C. had written, had left　D. were writing, had left
　 答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此
前一句应用过去进行时。

注意：　had no … when　　　　　还没等…… 就……
　　　　had no sooner… than　　刚…… 就……
　 He had no sooner bought the car than he sold20 it.

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1 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词；conj.有
参考例句：
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意！
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
2 said IYtxh     
v.动词say的过去式、过去分词
参考例句：
  • He said to me that he could not come.他对我说他不能来。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
3 thought 1oMwg     
n.想法，思想，思维，思潮，关心，挂念；v.vbl.think的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • It was just a thought.这仅仅是一个想法。
  • She thought he had a cold.她认为他感冒了。
4 police rOKxD     
n.警察，警察当局，治安，公安；vt.维持治安，警备，管辖
参考例句：
  • They sent him over to the police.他们将他遣送警察局。
  • It took the police only several days to break the case.警察只用了几天就破案了。
5 thieves YoYwk     
n.小偷，窃贼(复数形)
参考例句：
  • a nest of thieves 贼窝
  • The thieves took the jewels and then cleaned out. 那些贼拿了首饰，匆匆而去。
6 hope Kcwx9     
vt.希望，期望；vi.希望，期待；n.希望，期望
参考例句：
  • We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
  • Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
7 expect tmCx7     
vt.预期，期待，料想
参考例句：
  • Don't expect me to run after you all your life.别指望我伺候你一辈子。
  • Don't expect too much of his idea.不要对他的主意期望过高。
8 intend o5Wxf     
vt.想要，打算；打算使…为；意指，意思是
参考例句：
  • How long do you intend to stay with the firm?你准备在公司干多久？
  • He did not intend paying the bill.他不打算付账。
9 hoped a49e6abbf781049044a6e8b55118c6f8     
v.希望，期望( hope的过去式和过去分词 )；[俚语]相信，认为；希望，盼望，期待
参考例句：
  • He hoped they would not feel affronted if they were not invited . 他希望如果他们没有获得邀请也不要感到受辱。
  • They hoped to enlist the help of the public in solving the crime. 他们希望寻求公众协助破案。
10 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式；愿，要；常常；大概；将要，会
参考例句：
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说？
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗？
11 until cjnw3     
prep.直到...为止；conj.直到...时才...
参考例句：
  • He arrived home until midnight.他直到半夜才到家。
  • She didn't sleep until midnight.她直到半夜才睡。
12 as pNiyL     
conj.按照；如同
参考例句：
  • He got work in a hotel as a waiter.他在一家旅馆找到了当服务生的工作。
  • In the hotel,the old men were drinking away as usual.在旅馆里，这些老人和往常一样喝个不停。
13 learned m1oxn     
adj.有学问的，博学的；learn的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • He went into a rage when he learned about it.他听到这事后勃然大怒。
  • In this little village,he passed for a learned man.在这个小村子里，他被视为有学问的人。
14 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是，在
参考例句：
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
15 living bpPzW0     
adj.活的，活着的，现存的；逼真的，一模一样的；生活的，维持生活的；n.生活，生计
参考例句：
  • Nowadays it is very easy to earn a living.现今谋生很容易。
  • I'll never forget that as long as I am living.这事我至死也不会忘记。
16 himself qdRxV     
pron.他自己
参考例句：
  • He is proud of himself.他为自己感到自豪。
  • He said to his mother that he would do it by himself.他对他的母亲说他将自己独立做那件事。
17 disappointed I9wyP     
adj.失望的，不满意的，不如意的
参考例句：
  • He seemed disappointed when the man refused his request.当那个人拒绝了他的要求时他看起来很失望。
  • He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.他屡次失望，以致变为了绝望。
18 guests 9366a2751ef2a1c1d4d98cc377d61e8c     
n.客人；来宾；旅客 vt.招待；款待 vi.作客；客人( guest的名词复数 )；旅客；特邀嘉宾；[动物学]客虫
参考例句：
  • The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests. 这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
  • The guests left in an alcoholic haze. 客人们醉醺醺地离去了。
19 writing aeGzKN     
n.写，写作；著作，文学作品
参考例句：
  • I am also writing a short story.我也写短篇小说。
  • Do you like writing for children?你愿意为儿童写作吗？
20 sold ZwSwh     
v.动词sell的过去式、过去分词
参考例句：
  • John's house was sold to a Frenchman.约翰的房子卖给了一个法国人。
  • This kind of books is sold by all booksellers.所有的书商都出售这种书。

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