英文法律词典 P-111

PRISONER OF WAR. One who has been captured while fighting under the banner of some state. He is a prisoner, although never coufined in a prison.

2. In modern times, prisoners are treated with more humanity than formerly¹; the individual captor has now no personal right to his prisoner. Prisoners are under the superintendence of the government, and they are now frequently exchanged. Vide 1 Kent, Com . 14.

3. It is a general rule, that a prisoner is out of the protection of the laws of the state, so for, that he can have no civil remedy under them, and he can, therefore, maintain no action. But his person is protected against all unlawful acts. Bac. Ab. Abatement², b. 3; Bac. Ab. Aliens, D.

PRIVATE. Not general, as a private act of the legislature; not in office; as, a private person, as well as an officer, may arrest a felon³; individual, as your private interest; not public, as a private way, a private nuisance.

PRIVATEER war. A vessel⁴ owned by one or by a society of private individuals, armed and equipped at his or their expense, for the purpose of carrying on a maritime⁵ war, by the authority of one of the belligerent⁶ parties.

2. For the purpose of encouraging the owners of private armed vessels⁷, they are usually allowed to appropriate to themselves the property they capture, or, at least, a large proportion of it. 1 Kent, Com. 96; Posh. du Dr. de Propr. n. 90 et seq. See 2 Dall. 36; 3 Dall. 334; 4 Cranch, 2; 1 Wheat. 46; 3 Wheat. 546; 2 Gall⁸. R. 19; Id. 526; 1 Mason, R. 365 3 Wash. C. C. R. 209 2 Gall. R. 56; 5 Wheat. 338; Mann. Com. 1.16.

PRIVEMENT ENCEINTE. This term is used to signify that a woman is pregnant, but not quick with child; (q. v.) and vide Wood's Inst. 662; Enceinte; Foetus; Pregnancy⁹.

PRIVIES¹⁰. Persons who are partakers, or have an interest in any action or thing, or any relation to another. Wood, Inst. b. 2, c. 3, p. 255; 2 Tho. Co. Lit. 506 Co. Lit. 271, a.

2. There aye several kinds of privies, namely, privies in blood, as the heir is to the ancestor; privies in representation, as is the executor or administrator¹¹ to the deceased privies in estate, as the relation between the donor-and donee, lessor and lessee¹²; privies in respect to contracts; and privies on account of estate and contract together. Tho. Co. Lit. 506; Prest. Con¹³ v. 327 to 345. Privies have also been divided into privies in fact, and privies in law. 8 Co. 42 b. Vide Vin. Ab. Privily¹⁴; 5 Coin. Dig. 347; Ham. on Part. 131; Woodf. Land. & Ten. 279, 1 Dane's Ab. c. 1, art. 6.