英文法律词典 P-93

时间：2008-03-21 03:21:41

（单词翻译:单击）

PRE-EMPTION, intern1. law. The right of preemption is the right of a nation to detain the merchandise of strangers passing through her territories or seas, in order to afford to her subjects the preference of purchase. 1 Chit. Com. Law, 103; 1 Bl. Com. 287.

2. This right is sometimes regulated by treaty. In that which was made between the United States and Great Britain, bearing date the 10th day of November, 1794, ratified2 in 1795, it was agreed, art. 18, after mentioning that the usual munitions3 of war, and also naval4 materials should be confiscated5 as contraband6, that "whereas the difficulty of agreeing on precise cases in which alone provisions and other articles not generally contraband may be regarded as such, renders it expedient7 to provide against the inconveniences and misunderstandings which might thence arise. It is further agreed that whenever any such articles so being contraband according to the existing laws of nations, shall for that reason be seized, the same shall not be confiscated, but the owners thereof shall be speedily and completely indemnified; an the captors, or in their default-the government under whose authority they act, shall pay to the masters or owners of such vessel8 the full value of all articles, with a reasonable mercantile profit thereon, together with the freight, and also the damages incident to such detention9." See Mann. Com. B. 3, c. 8.

3. By the laws of the United States the right given to settlers of public lands, to purchase them in preference to others, is called the preemption right. See act of L. April 29, 1830, 4 Sharsw. Cont. of Story, U. S. 2212.

PREFECT, French law. A chief officer invested with the superintendence of the administration of the laws in each department. Merl. Repert. h. t.

PREFERENCE. The paying or securing to one or more of his creditors11, by an insolvent12 debtor13, the whole or a part of their claim, to the exclusion14 of the rest. By preference is also meant the right which a creditor10 has acquired over others to be paid first out of the assets of his debtor, as, when a creditor has obtained a judgment15 against his debtor which binds16 the latter's land, he has a preference.

2. Voluntary preferences are forbidden by the insolvent laws of some of the states, and are void, when made in a general assignment for the benefit of creditors. Vide Insolvent; Priority.


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1 intern 25BxJ     
v.拘禁，软禁；n.实习生
参考例句：
  • I worked as an intern in that firm last summer.去年夏天我在那家商行实习。
  • The intern bandaged the cut as the nurse looked on.这位实习生在护士的照看下给病人包扎伤口。
2 ratified 307141b60a4e10c8e00fe98bc499667a     
v.批准，签认（合约等）( ratify的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The treaty was declared invalid because it had not been ratified. 条约没有得到批准，因此被宣布无效。
  • The treaty was ratified by all the member states. 这个条约得到了所有成员国的批准。
3 munitions FnZzbl     
n.军火，弹药；v.供应…军需品
参考例句：
  • The army used precision-guided munitions to blow up enemy targets.军队用精确瞄准的枪炮炸掉敌方目标。
  • He rose [made a career for himself] by dealing in munitions.他是靠贩卖军火发迹的。
4 naval h1lyU     
adj.海军的，军舰的，船的
参考例句：
  • He took part in a great naval battle.他参加了一次大海战。
  • The harbour is an important naval base.该港是一个重要的海军基地。
5 confiscated b8af45cb6ba964fa52504a6126c35855     
没收，充公( confiscate的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • Their land was confiscated after the war. 他们的土地在战后被没收。
  • The customs officer confiscated the smuggled goods. 海关官员没收了走私品。
6 contraband FZxy9     
n.违禁品，走私品
参考例句：
  • Most of the city markets were flooded with contraband goods.大多数的城市市场上都充斥着走私货。
  • The customs officers rummaged the ship suspected to have contraband goods.海关人员仔细搜查了一艘有走私嫌疑的海轮。
7 expedient 1hYzh     
adj.有用的，有利的；n.紧急的办法，权宜之计
参考例句：
  • The government found it expedient to relax censorship a little.政府发现略微放宽审查是可取的。
  • Every kind of expedient was devised by our friends.我们的朋友想出了各种各样的应急办法。
8 vessel 4L1zi     
n.船舶；容器，器皿；管，导管，血管
参考例句：
  • The vessel is fully loaded with cargo for Shanghai.这艘船满载货物驶往上海。
  • You should put the water into a vessel.你应该把水装入容器中。
9 detention 1vhxk     
n.滞留，停留；拘留，扣留；(教育)留下
参考例句：
  • He was kept in detention by the police.他被警察扣留了。
  • He was in detention in connection with the bribery affair.他因与贿赂事件有牵连而被拘留了。
10 creditor tOkzI     
n.债仅人，债主，贷方
参考例句：
  • The boss assigned his car to his creditor.那工头把自己的小汽车让与了债权人。
  • I had to run away from my creditor whom I made a usurious loan.我借了高利贷不得不四处躲债。
11 creditors 6cb54c34971e9a505f7a0572f600684b     
n.债权人，债主( creditor的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • They agreed to repay their creditors over a period of three years. 他们同意3年内向债主还清欠款。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Creditors could obtain a writ for the arrest of their debtors. 债权人可以获得逮捕债务人的令状。 来自《简明英汉词典》
12 insolvent wb7zK     
adj.破产的，无偿还能力的
参考例句：
  • They lost orders and were insolvent within weeks.他们失去了订货，几周后就无法偿还债务。
  • The bank was declared insolvent.银行被宣布破产。
13 debtor bxfxy     
n.借方，债务人
参考例句：
  • He crowded the debtor for payment.他催逼负债人还债。
  • The court granted me a lien on my debtor's property.法庭授予我对我债务人财产的留置权。
14 exclusion 1hCzz     
n.拒绝，排除，排斥，远足，远途旅行
参考例句：
  • Don't revise a few topics to the exclusion of all others.不要修改少数论题以致排除所有其他的。
  • He plays golf to the exclusion of all other sports.他专打高尔夫球，其他运动一概不参加。
15 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
16 binds c1d4f6440575ef07da0adc7e8adbb66c     
v.约束( bind的第三人称单数 )；装订；捆绑；（用长布条）缠绕
参考例句：
  • Frost binds the soil. 霜使土壤凝结。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Stones and cement binds strongly. 石头和水泥凝固得很牢。 来自《简明英汉词典》

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