英文法律词典 P-59

时间：2008-03-21 02:48:57

（单词翻译:单击）

PHYSIOLOGY1, med. jur. The science which treats of the functions of animals; it is the science of life.

2. The legal practitioner2 who expects to rise to eminence3, must acquire some acquaintance with physiology. This subject is intimately connected with gestation4, birth, life and death. Vide 2 Chit. Pr. 42, n.

PIGNORATION, civil law . This word is used by Justinian in the title of the 52d novel, and signifies not only a pledge of property, but an engagement of the person.

PICKPOCKET5. A thief; one who in a crowd or. in other places, steals from the pockets or person of another without putting him in fear. This is generally punished as simple larceny6.

PIGNORATIVE CONTRACT, civ. law. A contract by which the owner of an estate engages it to another for a sum of money, and grants to him and his successors the right to enjoy it, until he shall be reimbursed7, voluntarily, that sum of money. Poth. h. t.

PIGNORIS CAPIO, ROM. civil law. The name given to one of the legis actiones of the Roman law. It consisted chiefly in the taking. of a pledge, and was in fact a mode of execution. It was confined to special cases determined8 by positive law or by custom, such as taxes, duties, rents, &c., and is comparable in some respects to distresses9 at common law. The proceeding10 took place in the presence of a praetor.

PIGNUS, civil law. This word signifies in English, pledge or pawn11. (q. v.) It is derived12, says Gaius, from pugnium, the fist, because what is delivered in pledge is delivered. in hand. Dig. 50, 16, 238, 2. This is one of several instances of the failure of the Roman jurists, when they attempted etymological13 explanation of words. The elements of pignus (pig) is contained in the word pa(n)g-o, and its cognate14 forms. Smith's Dict. Gr. and Rom. Antiq. h. v.

PILLAGE15. The taking by violence of private property by a victorious16 army from the citizens or subjects of the enenly. This, in modern times, is seldom allowed, and then, only when authorized17 by the commander or chief officer, at the place where the pillage is committed. The property thus violently taken in general belongs to the common soldiers. See Dall. Dict. Propriete, art. 3, §5; Wolff, §1201; and Booty; Prize.

PILLORY18, punishment. wooden machine in which the neck of the culprit is inserted.

2. This punishment has been superseded19 by the adoption20 of the penitentiary21 system in most of the states. Vide 1 Chit. Cr. Law, 797. The punishment of standing22 in the pillory, so far as the same was provided by the laws of the United States, was abolished by the act of congress of February 27, 1839, s. 5. See Baxr. on the Stat. 48, note.


分享到：


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 physiology uAfyL     
n.生理学，生理机能
参考例句：
  • He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。
2 practitioner 11Rzh     
n.实践者，从事者；(医生或律师等)开业者
参考例句：
  • He is an unqualified practitioner of law.他是个无资格的律师。
  • She was a medical practitioner before she entered politics.从政前她是个开业医生。
3 eminence VpLxo     
n.卓越，显赫；高地，高处；名家
参考例句：
  • He is a statesman of great eminence.他是个声名显赫的政治家。
  • Many of the pilots were to achieve eminence in the aeronautical world.这些飞行员中很多人将会在航空界声名显赫。
4 gestation L6ey2     
n.怀孕；酝酿
参考例句：
  • The gestation period can be anything between 95 and 150 days.妊娠期从95天至150天不等。
  • This film was two years in gestation.这部电影酝酿了两年。
5 pickpocket 8lfzfN     
n.扒手；v.扒窃
参考例句：
  • The pickpocket pinched her purse and ran away.扒手偷了她的皮夹子跑了。
  • He had his purse stolen by a pickpocket.他的钱包被掏了。
6 larceny l9pzc     
n.盗窃（罪）
参考例句：
  • The man was put in jail for grand larceny.人因重大盗窃案而被监禁。
  • It was an essential of the common law crime of larceny.它是构成普通法中的盗窃罪的必要条件。
7 reimbursed ca62e2177b2f3520aa42f86b71b836ce     
v.偿还，付还( reimburse的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • Any out-of-pocket expenses incurred on the firm's business will be reimbursed. 由公司业务产生的开销都可以报销。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Employees are reimbursed for any legal fees incurred when they relocate. 员工调往异地工作时，他们可以报销由此产生的所有法律服务费用。 来自《简明英汉词典》
8 determined duszmP     
adj.坚定的；有决心的
参考例句：
  • I have determined on going to Tibet after graduation.我已决定毕业后去西藏。
  • He determined to view the rooms behind the office.他决定查看一下办公室后面的房间。
9 distresses d55b1003849676d6eb49b5302f6714e5     
n.悲痛( distress的名词复数 )；痛苦；贫困；危险
参考例句：
  • It was from these distresses that the peasant wars of the fourteenth century sprang. 正是由于这些灾难才爆发了十四世纪的农民战争。 来自辞典例句
  • In all dangers and distresses, I will remember that. 在一切危险和苦难中，我要记住这一件事。 来自互联网
10 proceeding Vktzvu     
n.行动，进行，(pl.)会议录，学报
参考例句：
  • This train is now proceeding from Paris to London.这次列车从巴黎开往伦敦。
  • The work is proceeding briskly.工作很有生气地进展着。
11 pawn 8ixyq     
n.典当，抵押，小人物，走卒；v.典当，抵押
参考例句：
  • He is contemplating pawning his watch.他正在考虑抵押他的手表。
  • It looks as though he is being used as a political pawn by the President.看起来他似乎被总统当作了政治卒子。
12 derived 6cddb7353e699051a384686b6b3ff1e2     
vi.起源；由来；衍生；导出v.得到( derive的过去式和过去分词 )；（从…中）得到获得；源于；（从…中）提取
参考例句：
  • Many English words are derived from Latin and Greek. 英语很多词源出于拉丁文和希腊文。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He derived his enthusiasm for literature from his father. 他对文学的爱好是受他父亲的影响。 来自《简明英汉词典》
13 etymological 4c8f1223ca5e1817e3a27dfb8919e7af     
adj.语源的，根据语源学的
参考例句：
  • The etymological closeness of the Sanskrit and English words is striking. 梵语和英语的词源的连结性是如此地惊人。 来自互联网
  • But the Chinese have often ignored this etymological hint. 但中国人经常忽略这一词根上隐含的意义。 来自互联网
14 cognate MqHz1     
adj.同类的，同源的，同族的；n.同家族的人，同源词
参考例句：
  • Mathematics and astronomy are cognate sciences.数学和天文学是互相关联的科学。
  • English,Dutch and German are cognate languages. 英语、荷兰语、德语是同语族的语言。
15 pillage j2jze     
v.抢劫；掠夺；n.抢劫，掠夺；掠夺物
参考例句：
  • The invading troops were guilty of rape and pillage.侵略军犯了抢劫和强奸的罪。
  • It was almost pillage.这简直是一场洗劫。
16 victorious hhjwv     
adj.胜利的，得胜的
参考例句：
  • We are certain to be victorious.我们定会胜利。
  • The victorious army returned in triumph.获胜的部队凯旋而归。
17 authorized jyLzgx     
a.委任的，许可的
参考例句：
  • An administrative order is valid if authorized by a statute.如果一个行政命令得到一个法规的认可那么这个命令就是有效的。
18 pillory J2xze     
n.嘲弄；v.使受公众嘲笑；将…示众
参考例句：
  • A man has been forced to resign as a result of being pilloried by some of the press.一人因为受到一些媒体的抨击已被迫辞职。
  • He was pilloried,but she escaped without blemish.他受到公众的批评，她却名声未损地得以逃脱。
19 superseded 382fa69b4a5ff1a290d502df1ee98010     
[医]被代替的，废弃的
参考例句：
  • The theory has been superseded by more recent research. 这一理论已为新近的研究所取代。
  • The use of machinery has superseded manual labour. 机器的使用已经取代了手工劳动。
20 adoption UK7yu     
n.采用，采纳，通过；收养
参考例句：
  • An adoption agency had sent the boys to two different families.一个收养机构把他们送给两个不同的家庭。
  • The adoption of this policy would relieve them of a tremendous burden.采取这一政策会给他们解除一个巨大的负担。
21 penitentiary buQyt     
n.感化院；监狱
参考例句：
  • He worked as a warden at the state penitentiary.他在这所州监狱任看守长。
  • While he was in the penitentiary her father died and the family broke up.他坐牢的时候，她的父亲死了，家庭就拆散了。
22 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续，地位；adj.永久的，不动的，直立的，不流动的
参考例句：
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。

©2005-2010英文阅读网