英文法律词典 L-22

时间：2008-03-18 06:23:17

（单词翻译:单击）

LESION, contracts. In the civil law this term is used to signify the injury suffered, in consequence of inequality of situation, by one who does not receive a full equivalent for what he gives in a commutative contract.

2. The remedy given for this injury, is founded on its being the effect of implied error or imposition; for in every commutative contract, equivalents are supposed to be given and received. Louis. Code, 1854. Persons of full age, however, are not allowed in point of law to object to their agreements as being injurious, unless the injury be excessive. Poth. Oblig. P. 1, c. 1, s. 1, art. 3, §4. But minors1 are admitted to restitution2, not only against any excessive inequality, but against any inequality whatever. Poth. Oblig. P. 1, c. 1, s. 1, art. 3, §5; Louis. Code, art. 1858.

3. Courts of chancery relieve upon terms of redemption and set aside contracts entered into by expectant heirs dealing3 for their expectancies4, on the ground of mere5 inadequacy6 of price. 1 Vern. 167; 2 Cox, 80; 2 Cas. in Ch. 136; 1 Vern. 141; 2 Vern. 121; 2 Freem. 111; 2 Vent7. 359; 2 Vern. 14; 2 Rep. in Ch. 396; 1 P. W. 312; 1 Bro. C. C. 7; 3 P. Wms. 393, n.; 2 Atk. 133; 2 Ves. 125; 1 Atk. 301; 1 Wils. 286; 1 Wils. 320; 1 Bro. P. 6. ed. Toml. 198; 1 Bro. C. C. 1; 16 Ves. 512; Sugd. on Vend8. 231, n. k.; 1 Ball & B. 330; Wightw. 25; 3 Ves. & Bea. 117; 2 Swanst. R. 147, n.; Fonb. notes to the Treatise9 of Equity10, B, 1, c. 2, s. 9. A contract cannot stand where the party has availed himself of a confidential11 situation, in order to obtain some selfish advantage. Note to Crowe v. Ballard. 1 Ves. jun. 125; 1 Hov. Supp. 66, 7. Note to Wharton v. May. 5 Ves. 27; 1 Hov. Supp. 378. See Catching12 bargain; Fraud; Sale.

LESSEE13. He to whom a lease is made. The subject will be considered by taking a view, 1. Of his rights. 2. Of his duties.

2. - 1. He has a right to enjoy the premises14 leased for the term mentioned in the lease, and to use them for the purpose agreed upon. He may, unless, restrained by the covenants16 in the lease, either assign it, or underlet the premises. 1 Cruise, Dig. 174. By an assignment of the lease is meant the transfer of all the tenant17's interest in the estate to another person; on the contrary, an underletting is but a partial transfer of the property leased, the lessee retaining a reversion to himself.

3. - 2. The duties of the lessee are numerous. First, he is bound to fulfil all express covenants he has entered into in relation to the premises leased; and, secondly18, he is required to fulfil all implied covenants, which the relation of lessee imposes upon him towards the lessor. For example, he is bound to put the premises to no other use than that for which it was hired; when a farm is let to him for common farming purposes, he cannot open a mine and dig ore which may happen to be in the ground; but if the mine has been opened, it is presumed both parties intended it should be used, unless the lessee were expressly restrained; 1 Cruise, Dig. 132. He is required to use the property in a tenant-like and proper manner; to take reasonable care of it and to restore it at the end of his term, subject only to the deterioration19 produced by ordinary wear and the reasonable use for which it was demised20. 12 M. & W. 827. Although he is not bound, in the absence of an express covenant15, to rebuild in case of destruction by fire or other accident, yet he must keep the house in a habitable state if he received it in good order. See Repairs. The lessee is required to restore the property to the lessor at the end of the term.

4. The lessee remains21 chargeable, after an assignment of his term, as before, unless the lessor has accepted the assignee; and even then he continues liable in covenant on an express covenaut, as for repairs, or to pay rent; 2 Keb. 640; but not for the performance of an implied one, or, as it is usually termed, a covenant in law. By the acceptance, he is discharged from debt for arrears22 of future rent. Cro. Jac. 309, 334; Ham. on Parties, 129, 130. Vide Estate for years; Lease;, Notice to quit: Tenant for years; Underlease.


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1 minors ff2adda56919f98e679a46d5a4ad4abb     
n.未成年人( minor的名词复数 )；副修科目；小公司；[逻辑学]小前提v.[主美国英语]副修，选修，兼修( minor的第三人称单数 )
参考例句：
  • The law forbids shops to sell alcohol to minors. 法律禁止商店向未成年者出售含酒精的饮料。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He had three minors this semester. 这学期他有三门副修科目。 来自《简明英汉词典》
2 restitution cDHyz     
n.赔偿；恢复原状
参考例句：
  • It's only fair that those who do the damage should make restitution.损坏东西的人应负责赔偿，这是再公平不过的了。
  • The victims are demanding full restitution.受害人要求全额赔偿。
3 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法，待人态度
参考例句：
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
4 expectancies 1ab24b5aebe5ca8a1e16243584b0462e     
期待，期望( expectancy的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • Each of us came with his own expectancies. 我们每个人都有自己的希望。
  • In fact, modern lifestyles are actually exacerbating the gap between male and female life expectancies. 实际上，现代生活方式确实加大了男女寿命差别的鸿沟。
5 mere rC1xE     
adj.纯粹的；仅仅，只不过
参考例句：
  • That is a mere repetition of what you said before.那不过是重复了你以前讲的话。
  • It's a mere waste of time waiting any longer.再等下去纯粹是浪费时间。
6 inadequacy Zkpyl     
n.无法胜任，信心不足
参考例句：
  • the inadequacy of our resources 我们的资源的贫乏
  • The failure is due to the inadequacy of preparations. 这次失败是由于准备不足造成的。
7 vent yiPwE     
n.通风口，排放口；开衩；vt.表达，发泄
参考例句：
  • He gave vent to his anger by swearing loudly.他高声咒骂以发泄他的愤怒。
  • When the vent became plugged,the engine would stop.当通风口被堵塞时，发动机就会停转。
8 vend 5f2zVj     
v.公开表明观点，出售，贩卖
参考例句：
  • Hardware Malfunction,call your hardware vend or for support.硬件故障，请让你的硬件提供商提供技术支持。
  • Vend is formal and indicates the selling of small articles.Vend较正式，指出售小件商品。
9 treatise rpWyx     
n.专著；(专题)论文
参考例句：
  • The doctor wrote a treatise on alcoholism.那位医生写了一篇关于酗酒问题的论文。
  • This is not a treatise on statistical theory.这不是一篇有关统计理论的论文。
10 equity ji8zp     
n.公正，公平，（无固定利息的）股票
参考例句：
  • They shared the work of the house with equity.他们公平地分担家务。
  • To capture his equity,Murphy must either sell or refinance.要获得资产净值，墨菲必须出售或者重新融资。
11 confidential MOKzA     
adj.秘（机）密的，表示信任的，担任机密工作的
参考例句：
  • He refused to allow his secretary to handle confidential letters.他不让秘书处理机密文件。
  • We have a confidential exchange of views.我们推心置腹地交换意见。
12 catching cwVztY     
adj.易传染的，有魅力的，迷人的，接住
参考例句：
  • There are those who think eczema is catching.有人就是认为湿疹会传染。
  • Enthusiasm is very catching.热情非常富有感染力。
13 lessee H9szP     
n.（房地产的）租户
参考例句：
  • The lessor can evict the lessee for failure to pay rent.出租人可驱逐不付租金的承租人。
  • The lessee will be asked to fill in a leasing application.租赁人要求填写一张租赁申请。
14 premises 6l1zWN     
n.建筑物，房屋
参考例句：
  • According to the rules,no alcohol can be consumed on the premises.按照规定，场内不准饮酒。
  • All repairs are done on the premises and not put out.全部修缮都在家里进行，不用送到外面去做。
15 covenant CoWz1     
n.盟约，契约；v.订盟约
参考例句：
  • They refused to covenant with my father for the property.他们不愿与我父亲订立财产契约。
  • The money was given to us by deed of covenant.这笔钱是根据契约书付给我们的。
16 covenants 185d08f454ed053be6d340821190beab     
n.（有法律约束的）协议( covenant的名词复数 )；盟约；公约；（向慈善事业、信托基金会等定期捐款的）契约书
参考例句：
  • Do I need to review the Deed of mutual Covenants (DMC)? 我是否需要覆核公共契约(DMC)吗？ 来自互联网
  • Many listed and unlisted companies need to sell to address covenants. 许多上市公司和非上市公司需要出售手中资产，以满足借贷契约的要求。 来自互联网
17 tenant 0pbwd     
n.承租人；房客；佃户；v.租借，租用
参考例句：
  • The tenant was dispossessed for not paying his rent.那名房客因未付房租而被赶走。
  • The tenant is responsible for all repairs to the building.租户负责对房屋的所有修理。
18 secondly cjazXx     
adv.第二，其次
参考例句：
  • Secondly,use your own head and present your point of view.第二，动脑筋提出自己的见解。
  • Secondly it is necessary to define the applied load.其次，需要确定所作用的载荷。
19 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化；恶化；变坏
参考例句：
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。
20 demised 554dcd2b6dd4f7d4af0b73884add4318     
v.遗赠（demise的过去式与过去分词形式）
参考例句：
  • The landlord demises unto the tenant the premises hereinafter called the demised premises. 地主转让给佃户的条件在下文中称作转让条件。 来自互联网
21 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
22 arrears IVYzQ     
n.到期未付之债，拖欠的款项；待做的工作
参考例句：
  • The payments on that car loan are in arrears by three months.购车贷款的偿付被拖欠了三个月。
  • They are urgent for payment of arrears of wages.他们催讨拖欠的工钱。

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