英文法律词典 I-20

IN SOLIDO. A term used in the civil law, to signify that a contract is joint¹.

2. Obligations are in solido, first, between several creditors³; secondly⁴, between several debters. 1. When a person contracts the obligation of one and the same thing, in favor of several others, each of these is only creditor² for his own share, but he may contract with each of them for the whole when such is the intention of the parties, so that each of the persons in whose favor the obligation is contracted, is creditor for the whole, but that a payment made to any one liberates⁵ the debtor⁶ against them all. This is called solidity of obligation. Poth. Obl. pt. 2, c. 3, art. 7. The common law is exactly the reverse of this, for a general obligation in favor of several persons, is a joint obligation to them all, unless the nature of the subject, or the particularity of the expression lead to a different conclusion. Evans' Poth. vol. 2, p. 56. See tit. Joint and Several; Parties to action.

3. - 2. An obligation is contracted in solido on the part of the debtors⁷, when each of them is obliged for the whole, but so that a payment made by one liberates them all. Poth. Obli. pt. 2, c. 3, art. 7, s 1. See 9 M. R. 322; 5 L. R. 287; 2 N. S. 140; 3 L. R. 352; 4 N. S. 317; 5 L. R. 122; 12 M. R. 216; Burge on Sur. 398-420.

IN STATU QUO. In the same situation; in the same place; as, between the time of the submission⁸ and the time when the award was rendered, things remained in statu quo.

IN TERROREM. By way of threat, terror, or warning. For example, when a legacy⁹ is given to a person upo condition not to dispute the validity or the dispositions¹⁰ in wills and testaments¹¹, the conditions are not in general obligatory¹², but only in terrorem; if, therefore, there exist probabilis causa litigandi, the non-observance of the conditions will not be a forfeiture¹³. 2 Vern. 90; 1 Hill. Ab. 253; 3 P. Wms. 344; 1 Atk. 404. But when the acquiescence¹⁴ of the legatee appears to be a material ingredient in the gift, the bequest¹⁵ is only quousque the legatee shall refrain from disturbing the will. 2 P. Wms. 52; 2 Ventr. 352. For cases of legacies¹⁶ given to a wife while she shall continue unmarried, see 1 Madd. R. 590; 1 Rop. Leg. 558.

IN TERROREM POPULI. To the terror of the people. An indictment¹⁷ for a riot is bad, unless it conclude in terrorem populi. 4 Carr. & Payne, 373.

IN TOTIDEM VERhis. In just so many words; as, the legislature has declared this to be a crime in totidem verhis.

IN TOTO. In the whole; wholly; completely; as, the award is void in toto. In the whole the part is contained: in toto et pars¹⁸ continetur. Dig. 50, 17, 123.