通过阅读学词汇CET-6（18）

时间：2006-12-19 03:22:13

（单词翻译:单击）

Unit Eighteen
Type-A Personality and Heart Disease

　　If you're a classic "Type A" personality -- hard-driving, impatient, competitive, intense, easily irritated – you are far more likely than a calm, laid-back "Type B" to suffer a heart attack, right?
　　Wrong, says a Massachusetts General Hospital psychiatrist1 who has studied more than 200 heart patients awaiting disgnostic tests and found virtually no correlation2 between classic Type A personalities3 and subsequent heart disease.
　　What does appear to be a predictor of serious heart trouble, says Dr. Joel E.Dimsdale, director of the MGH Stress Physiology4 Laboratory, is a chronic5 inability to deal constructively7 with anger and hostility8.
　　He is now doing a study on anger and heart disease. The original insight that people could be classified into Type A and Type B personalities and that Type A's were more heart-attack prone9 grew out of research at the framingham Heart Study laboratories in the late 1970s.
　　Since the early studies, the A-B issue has been getting weaker. A large prospective10 study last year showed the A-B behavior distinction was not associated with coronary artery11 disease. Now researchers are thinking in terms of "anger in " vs. "anger out" as the latest area of concern.
　　Behavioral epidemiologist Elaine Eaker at the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute in Bethesda, one of the nation's foremost scholars of correlations12 between behavior and heart disease, agrees in principle.
　　Since holding anger inside may lead to heart trouble and since acting13 it out by having temper tantrums is highly antisocial, Faker says researchers now advocate maturely "discussing" anger – either with the person who makes you angry or with a friend -- as the most constructive6 method of dealing14 with explosive feelings.
　　Since the early Type A studies, researchers have been attempting to fine-tune the ways in which they can identify a person as Type A or Type B, not an easy task since people often deny or are actually unaware15 of some facets16 of
their personalities and hence cannot be asked point-blank if they are angry or impatient by nature.
　　Dimsdale used both pencil-and-paper questionnaires and a "semistructured" interview technique to identify Type A personalities among heart patients. In the interview, he explained, "you ask questions slowly and sometimes even in a stammer17 and then see how rapidly the person will finish the sentence for you." People who rush to answer are usually highly impatient and impatience18 has long been considered a major component19 of Type A behavior.
　　Yet, no matter whether he used the self-report questionnaires or the more subtle interview technique, people identified as Type A's did not fare worse than the others.

 

laid-back a.松弛的,悠闲的,懒散的

irritate vt.1.使恼怒,使烦躁 2.使(身体某部分)不适,使疼痛

psychiatrist n.精神科医生,精神病专家

diagnose vt.诊断,判断
diagnostic a.诊断的,用于诊断的
[联想词]               syndrome20 n.综合病症,综合病状
               prescription21 n.1.处方,药方 2.开处方,开药方
               pharmacy22 n. 1.药房,药店 2.药剂学,配药

correlate vt.使相互关联 vi.相关,关联
correlation n.相互关系;联系

physiology n.1.生理学 2.生理,生理机能
physiological23 a.生理学的

chronic a.1.慢性的,久病的 2.长久的,不断的 3.积习难改的

hostility n.1.敌对,敌意,对抗 2.抵制,反对 3.交战,战争
[联想词]               hospitality n.友好款待,好客
               hostage n.人质
               boycott24 vt.抵制,拒绝参与

artery n.1.动脉 2.干线,要道
[联想词]               intersection25 n.道路交叉口,交点
               junction26 n.联结点,会合点,交叉口,枢纽

prone a.1.易于…的,很可能的 2.俯卧的
[联想词]    apt a.1.易于…的,有(做某事的)倾向的 2.恰当的,适宜的 3.聪明的

prospective a.预期的,未来的,可能的

epidemic27 n.流行,流传,感染 a.流行性的,流传极广的
epidemiologist n.流行病学家

formost a.首要的,最佳的
[联想词]               optimum n.最合适的,最优的,最佳的

tantrum n.发脾气

questionnaire n.问卷,征求意见表

identify vt.1.认出,鉴定 2.把…等同于 vi.认同
indentification n.1.身份证明 2.鉴定,验明,认出 3.认同

stammer n.结巴,口吃

subtle a.1.微妙的,难于捉摸的 2.诡秘的,狡诈的 3.隐约的

 

 


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1 psychiatrist F0qzf     
n.精神病专家；精神病医师
参考例句：
  • He went to a psychiatrist about his compulsive gambling.他去看精神科医生治疗不能自拔的赌瘾。
  • The psychiatrist corrected him gently.精神病医师彬彬有礼地纠正他。
2 correlation Rogzg     
n.相互关系，相关，关连
参考例句：
  • The second group of measurements had a high correlation with the first.第二组测量数据与第一组高度相关。
  • A high correlation exists in America between education and economic position.教育和经济地位在美国有极密切的关系。
3 personalities ylOzsg     
n. 诽谤，（对某人容貌、性格等所进行的）人身攻击； 人身攻击；人格, 个性, 名人( personality的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • There seemed to be a degree of personalities in her remarks.她话里有些人身攻击的成分。
  • Personalities are not in good taste in general conversation.在一般的谈话中诽谤他人是不高尚的。
4 physiology uAfyL     
n.生理学，生理机能
参考例句：
  • He bought a book about physiology.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • He was awarded the Nobel Prize for achievements in physiology.他因生理学方面的建树而被授予诺贝尔奖。
5 chronic BO9zl     
adj.(疾病)长期未愈的，慢性的；极坏的
参考例句：
  • Famine differs from chronic malnutrition.饥荒不同于慢性营养不良。
  • Chronic poisoning may lead to death from inanition.慢性中毒也可能由虚弱导致死亡。
6 constructive AZDyr     
adj.建设的，建设性的
参考例句：
  • We welcome constructive criticism.我们乐意接受有建设性的批评。
  • He is beginning to deal with his anger in a constructive way.他开始用建设性的方法处理自己的怒气。
7 constructively mvyzps     
ad.有益的，积极的
参考例句：
  • Collecting, by occupying spare time so constructively, makes a person contented, with no time for boredom. 如此富有意义地利用业余时间来进行收藏，会使人怡然自得，无暇烦恼。
  • The HKSAR will continue to participate constructively in these activities. 香港会继续积极参与这些活动。
8 hostility hdyzQ     
n.敌对，敌意；抵制［pl.］交战，战争
参考例句：
  • There is open hostility between the two leaders.两位领导人表现出公开的敌意。
  • His hostility to your plan is well known.他对你的计划所持的敌意是众所周知的。
9 prone 50bzu     
adj.(to)易于…的，很可能…的；俯卧的
参考例句：
  • Some people are prone to jump to hasty conclusions.有些人往往作出轻率的结论。
  • He is prone to lose his temper when people disagree with him.人家一不同意他的意见,他就发脾气。
10 prospective oR7xB     
adj.预期的，未来的，前瞻性的
参考例句：
  • The story should act as a warning to other prospective buyers.这篇报道应该对其他潜在的购买者起到警示作用。
  • They have all these great activities for prospective freshmen.这会举办各种各样的活动来招待未来的新人。
11 artery 5ekyE     
n.干线，要道；动脉
参考例句：
  • We couldn't feel the changes in the blood pressure within the artery.我们无法感觉到动脉血管内血压的变化。
  • The aorta is the largest artery in the body.主动脉是人体中的最大动脉。
12 correlations 4a9b6fe1ddc2671881c9aa3d6cc07e8e     
相互的关系( correlation的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • One would expect strong and positive correlations between both complexes. 人们往往以为这两个综合体之间有紧密的正相关。
  • The correlations are of unequal value. 这些对应联系的价值并不相同。
13 acting czRzoc     
n.演戏，行为，假装；adj.代理的，临时的，演出用的
参考例句：
  • Ignore her,she's just acting.别理她，她只是假装的。
  • During the seventies,her acting career was in eclipse.在七十年代，她的表演生涯黯然失色。
14 dealing NvjzWP     
n.经商方法，待人态度
参考例句：
  • This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.该商店因买卖公道而享有极高的声誉。
  • His fair dealing earned our confidence.他的诚实的行为获得我们的信任。
15 unaware Pl6w0     
a.不知道的，未意识到的
参考例句：
  • They were unaware that war was near. 他们不知道战争即将爆发。
  • I was unaware of the man's presence. 我没有察觉到那人在场。
16 facets f954532ea6a2c241dcb9325762a2a145     
n.（宝石或首饰的）小平面( facet的名词复数 )；（事物的）面；方面
参考例句：
  • The question had many facets. 这个问题是多方面的。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • A fully cut brilliant diamond has 68 facets. 经过充分切刻的光彩夺目的钻石有68个小平面。 来自《简明英汉词典》
17 stammer duMwo     
n.结巴，口吃；v.结结巴巴地说
参考例句：
  • He's got a bad stammer.他口吃非常严重。
  • We must not try to play off the boy troubled with a stammer.我们不可以取笑这个有口吃病的男孩。
18 impatience OaOxC     
n.不耐烦，急躁
参考例句：
  • He expressed impatience at the slow rate of progress.进展缓慢，他显得不耐烦。
  • He gave a stamp of impatience.他不耐烦地跺脚。
19 component epSzv     
n.组成部分，成分，元件；adj.组成的，合成的
参考例句：
  • Each component is carefully checked before assembly.每个零件在装配前都经过仔细检查。
  • Blade and handle are the component parts of a knife.刀身和刀柄是一把刀的组成部分。
20 syndrome uqBwu     
n.综合病症；并存特性
参考例句：
  • The Institute says that an unidentified virus is to blame for the syndrome. 该研究所表示,引起这种综合症的是一种尚未确认的病毒。
  • Results indicated that 11 fetuses had Down syndrome. 结果表明有11个胎儿患有唐氏综合征。
21 prescription u1vzA     
n.处方，开药；指示，规定
参考例句：
  • The physician made a prescription against sea- sickness for him.医生给他开了个治晕船的药方。
  • The drug is available on prescription only.这种药只能凭处方购买。
22 pharmacy h3hzT     
n.药房，药剂学，制药业，配药业，一批备用药品
参考例句：
  • She works at the pharmacy.她在药房工作。
  • Modern pharmacy has solved the problem of sleeplessness.现代制药学已经解决了失眠问题。
23 physiological aAvyK     
adj.生理学的，生理学上的
参考例句：
  • He bought a physiological book.他买了一本生理学方面的书。
  • Every individual has a physiological requirement for each nutrient.每个人对每种营养成分都有一种生理上的需要。
24 boycott EW3zC     
n./v.(联合)抵制，拒绝参与
参考例句：
  • We put the production under a boycott.我们联合抵制该商品。
  • The boycott lasts a year until the Victoria board permitsreturn.这个抗争持续了一年直到维多利亚教育局妥协为止。
25 intersection w54xV     
n.交集，十字路口，交叉点；[计算机] 交集
参考例句：
  • There is a stop sign at an intersection.在交叉路口处有停车标志。
  • Bridges are used to avoid the intersection of a railway and a highway.桥用来避免铁路和公路直接交叉。
26 junction N34xH     
n.连接，接合；交叉点，接合处，枢纽站
参考例句：
  • There's a bridge at the junction of the two rivers.两河的汇合处有座桥。
  • You must give way when you come to this junction.你到了这个路口必须让路。
27 epidemic 5iTzz     
n.流行病；盛行；adj.流行性的，流传极广的
参考例句：
  • That kind of epidemic disease has long been stamped out.那种传染病早已绝迹。
  • The authorities tried to localise the epidemic.当局试图把流行病限制在局部范围。

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