职称英语（综合类）辅导讲议－词汇学习13

词汇学习7：
　　1. D　annoying和irritating意思最相近，有“使烦恼的”，“使人不愉快的”等意思。hateful有“可恨的”，“心怀不满的”等意思。He is hateful to me.我觉得他可恨。Don't be so hateful.别这么怨天尤人。painful:痛苦的。I don't like his painful look.我不喜欢他那副痛苦的表情。horrifying是“恐怖的”，“使震惊的”的意思。These were horrifying¹ experiences.这些经历不堪回首。
　　2. C　deliberately和intentionally意思相同；故意，蓄意地。sufficient:足够的，充分的。This is sufficient for my needs.足够我用了。noticeable:明显的，易见的。There is no noticeable difference.二者之间没有显著差异。absolutely:绝对地。He's absolutely correct.他绝对正确。
　　3. A　vague:模糊的，含糊的。imprecise:不确切的，不明确的。concise²:简明扼要的。如：Her letter was concise, omitting everything not pertinent³ to the job for which she was applying.她的信很简明，省去了所有跟申请就业不相关的东西。unpolished:未经修饰的。She is reading an unpolished poem.她在读一首未经润色的诗。elementary:基本的，初级的。How can you expect to succeed without even the most elementary knowledge of the field?连该领域中的基本知识都没有，你还能成功？
　　4. A　探险队在那天上午10:30分到达了山顶。summit指“山顶”，与top of the mountain意思相近。选项B意思与之相反。选项C指的是“起点”。D则指的是“地点”。
　　5. A　最新的人口普查是令人鼓舞的。census指的是an official count of the people who live in a country, including information about their ages, jobs, etc.,即人口普查，与count意思最接近。B的意思是“陈述”，“报告”，“声明”；C的意思是“同意”；D的意思是“估计”，这几个词的词义与census相去甚远。
　　6. C　duplicate和copy意思近似，表示“复制”。borrow:借。purchase:买。rewrite:改写。
　　7. B　ban和forbid意思相近，表示“禁止”。list:列出。list a few reasons:列举几条理由。handle:对待，应付。The speaker handled his subject concisely⁴.演讲者对主题作了简要的论述。investigate:调查。
　　8. A　lawful⁵:合法的。legal:合法的。What I did was perfectly⁶ legal.我所做的完全合法。irresistible⁷:不可抵挡的。The music is irresistible.音乐太动听了。enjoyable:有乐趣的。Was it an enjoyable movie?这部电影有意思吗？profitable:有益的；有利可图的。We had a profitable talk.我们的谈话是有益的。
　　9. D　mock:取笑，嘲笑。laugh at:取笑，嘲笑。It is unkind to laugh at a person who is in trouble.嘲笑有困难的人是不好的。smile at:笑（某人或某事）。What are you smiling at?你在笑什么？look down on:看不起。Small boys usually look down on little girls and refuse to play with them.小男孩常常看不起小女孩，因此不愿意跟她们玩。belittle⁸:贬低；低估。Don't belittle what he has achieved.不要贬低他所取得的。
　　10. A　motive⁹:动机。reason:理由。There is no reason to doubt his word.没有理由不相信他的话。argument:论据。There are many arguments against smoking.有许多论据可以证明吸烟是有害的。target:目标。The target of the new plan is primary education for all children.新计划要取得的目标是使所有的孩子都得到初等教育。stimulus¹⁰:刺激。Reduced tariffs¹¹ are a stimulus to foreign trade.降低关税可以促进外贸。
　　11. C　notably:值得注意地；特别。particularly:尤其，特别。I often do absent-minded things, particularly when I'm worried.我常干些心不焉的事，特别是当我焦虑的时候。noticeably:显而易见地。Standards of living are deteriorating¹² rather noticeably.生活水平正在明显下降。remarkably¹³:显著地。Working conditions have been remarkably improved.工作条件得到了显著改善。significantly:显著地，在相当大的程度上。Sales levels are significantly lower than last year.销售额比去年大幅下降了。
　　12. B　omit:疏忽，遗漏。fail:失败；没有能够。He failed to understand the real significance of it.他没有理解它的真正意义。forget:忘记。I forgot to wind my watch last night.昨晚我忘了给手表上发条。delete:消去；删除。The patient's high fever deleted most of his memories.病人的高烧使他的记忆差不多丧失殆尽。leave out:遗漏；省略。She left out an important detail in her account.她在叙述中漏税掉了一个重要的细节。
　　13. D　orthodox:正统的；传统的。conventional:常见的；传统的。People still wear conventional clothes here.这儿的人仍穿传统的衣服。acceptable:可接受的。Great Britain has three parties-the Conservative, the Liberal and the Labor¹⁴ Party.英国有三个党：保守党，自由党和工党。western:西方的。I don't like Western food.我不喜欢西餐。
　　14. B　outrageous:凶暴的；令人不能容忍的。unacceptable:不可接受的。Mary left her husband because of his unacceptable behavior.因为丈夫的行为不可接受，玛丽离开了他。unheard of:没有听说过的。You can't do that－it's unheard of.你不可干此事，从未听说有人干过。unbelievable:难以置信的。His guitar solos are just unbelievable.他的吉他独奏曲实在太棒了。ridiculous:可笑的。That hat makes you look ridiculous.你戴上那顶帽子，看上去很滑稽。
　　15. A　scared:受到惊吓的，恐惧的。frightened:害怕的，受惊的。killed:被杀死。All her five sons were killed in the earthquake.她的五个儿子都在地震中身亡。endanger:使遭到危险，使濒于灭亡。You will endanger your health if you work so hard.你太卖力的话会损害自己的健康的。rescued:被营救的。She was rescued nine days after the plane crash.飞机失事九天后她被人营救。
　　词汇学习8：
　　1. C　hail和acclaim意思相近，表示“向……欢呼”，“将……拥戴为”。又如：He was acclaimed¹⁵ as Britain's greatest modern painter.他被赞誉为英国最伟大的现代画家。challenge:挑战。challenge his theory:向他的理论挑战。publish:出版。guide:指导。
　　2. A　principal organizer:主要组织者。planner:组织者，策划者。employee:雇员。actor:演员。recipient¹⁶:接受者。如：She is a welfare recipient.她是接受福利救济的人。
　　3. B　postulate¹⁷:假定。与assume（设想；假定）意思相近。I assume you don't drive, Mr. Jones?琼斯先生，我想你不会开车吧？challenge:挑战。His authority was challenged.他的权威性受到了挑战。deduct¹⁸:减去。Tax will be deducted¹⁹ automatically from your wages.税会自动从你工资中扣除。decree:颁布（法令、政令）。The minister decreed that there would be a full in investigation²⁰ over this matter.部长下令，将对此进行全面调查。
　　4. B　extinction:灭绝，绝迹。与die out（绝种）意思相近。The giant panda is in danger of dying out.大熊猫面临绝种的危险。dry up:擦干。Let me wash up these plates and you dry them up.我来洗盘子，你来把它们擦干。export:出口。Many bicycles are exported each year.每年都有许多自行车出口到国外。transplant:移植，迁移。Many vegetables were transplanted to the north, growing in the greenhouse.许多种蔬菜移植到了北方，在温室里生长。
　　5. C　abrupt²¹:突然的。Following abrupt change of the topple, we started to complain about the quality of food.话题突然一转，我们开始抱怨饭菜的质量。sudden与abrupt的意思近似；突然的。slow:慢。noisy:吵人的。jumpy:跳动的；神经过敏的。She seemed very jumpy recently.她们最近情绪很不稳定。
　　6. D　allocate:分配，拨给。distribute:分发，分布。Distribute the pictures among the children, will you?请把图片发给孩子们，好吗？nationalize:国有化。The government decided²² to nationalize the railways and the mines.政府决定将铁路和矿山国有货。commandeer:征用。They were afraid that their land would be commandeered.他们害怕土地会被征用。tax:征税。Cigarettes in this country are heavily taxed.这个国家对香烟征很高的税。
　　7. A　mighty:强大的，强有力的。We are dealing²³ with forces that are mightier²⁴ than ourselves.我们正在应付强于我们的势力。strong:强壮的。long:长的。great:大的，伟大的。fast:快。
　　8. B　authentic²⁵:真的，真正的。an authentic manuscript:一部真正的原稿。genuine:真的，真正的。Gloves made of genuine leather:真皮手套。elegant:优雅的，漂亮的。intentional:故意的，有意识的。thorough:彻底的，仔细周到的。
　　9. D　eligible²⁶:有资格的。Those who have a mountain bike are eligible to join the club.拥有山地自行车的人有资格加入俱乐部。entitle:给……权利（或资格）。be entitled to…:有权（或资格）。Everyone is entitled to receive education.人人都有受教育的权利。注意：be entitled to中的to既可能是不定式的to，也可能是介词to.也就是说整个短语除可跟动词原形外，也可以跟名词短语。如：Every child in Britain is entitled to free education.英国的每个孩子都有权享受免费教育。encouraged:此处是encourage（鼓励）的过去分词形式。The children are encouraged to go in for more sports.孩子们受到参加更多体育运动的鼓励。expected:此处是expect（期望）的过去分词形式。We are expected to finish the job before six.他们期望我们6点钟之前做完这项工作。
　　10. A　asserted:宣称，断言。与stated firmly（坚定地说）意思相近。argued light-mindedly:轻率地争辩。thought seriously:严肃地认为。announced regrettably:令人遗憾地宣布。美洲（America）包括北美洲，中美洲和南美洲。
　　11. D　permit:允许。allow:允许。They shouldn't allow parking in the street; it's too narrow.他们不该允许在街道上停车，街道太窄了。probable:很可能。It is probable that it will rain tomorrow.明天很可能下雨。possible:可能的。Is such a thing possible?这样的事有可能发生吗？admit:承认。I'm willing to admit that I do make mistakes.我愿意承认我确实会犯错。
　　12. C　propose:建议；提议。suggest:建议。She suggested that he should adapt himself to his new conditions.她建议他适应新的情况。state:陈述，宣布。You'll have to state what exactly these terms mean.你须说明这些术语的确切意思是什么。declare:宣布。She declared that she didn't want to see him again.她宣布不想再见到他。announce:宣布。They announced that she would give an extra song.他们宣布她会再唱一支歌。
　　13. A　regret: feel regret about sth.对……感到懊悔。sorry:后悔的。The manager had said that he was sorry and there was nothing he could do about it.经理说过他很遗憾，对此他没有什么办法。I'm sorry to be late.对不起，我来晚了。disappointed:失望的。They were very disappointed at the outcome of the talks.他们对会议的结果深感失望。shameful²⁷:可耻的，不光彩的。To steal money from a blind person is a shameful act.偷盲人的钱是可耻的行为。disheartened:泄气。She is easily disheartened by difficulties.面对困难，她很容易泄气。
　　14. B　rely on:依靠。depend on:依靠，依赖。The town depends almost solely²⁸ on the tourist trade.小镇的经济主要依靠旅游业。live on:靠……生活。They live on vegetarian²⁹ food.他们以素食为生。live off:靠……生活。She still lives off her parents.她仍靠父母养活。believe in:对……有信心。If you believe in yourself you can succeed.如果你相信自己，你就会取得成功。
　　15. C　remove:脱掉；去掉。take off:脱掉，拿下。She took off her spectacles.她摘下了眼镜。take away:拿去，剥夺。They are going to take my citizenship³⁰ away.他们将剥夺我的公民资格。leave aside:搁置。Let's leave aside the matter for a moment.让我们暂且把此事搁一搁。wash off:把……洗掉。Wash these dirty marks off the wall.把墙上的这些污点洗掉。