通过阅读学词汇CET-6（6）

时间：2006-12-05 05:45:50

（单词翻译:单击）

Unit Six
Manners Are Practically Non-Existent

　　Manners nowadyas in metropolitan1 cities like London are practically non-existent. It is nothing for a big, strong schoolboy to elbow an elderly woman aside in the dash for the last remaining seat on the tube or bus, much less stand up and offer his seat to her, as he ought. In fact, it is saddening to note that if a man does offer his seat to an older woman, it is nearly always a Continental2 man or one from the older generation.
　　This question of giving up seats in public transport is much argued about by young men, who say that, since women have claimed equality, they no longer deserve to be treated with courtesy and that those who go out to work should take their turn in the rat race like anyone else. Women have never claimed to be physically3 as strong as men. Even if it is not agreed, however, that young men should stand up for younger women, the fact remains4 that courtesy should be shown to the old, the sick and the burdened. Are we really so lost to all ideals of unselfishness that we can sit there indifferently reading the paper or a book, saying to ourselves "First come, first served," while a greyhaired woman, a mother with a young child or a cripple stands? Yet this is all too often seen.
　　Conditions in travel are really very hard on everyone, we know, but hardship is surely no excuse. Sometimes one wonders what would have been the  behaviour of these stuot young men in a packed refugee train or a train on its way to a prison-camp during the War. Would they have considered it only right and their proper due to keep the best places for themselves then?
　　Older people, tired and irritable5 from a day's work, are not angels, either -- far from it. Many a brisk argument or an insulting quarrel breaks out as the weary queues push and shove each other to get on buses and tubes. One cannot commend this, of course, but one does feel there is just a little more excuse.
　　If cities are to remain pleasant places to live in at all, however, it seems imperative6, not only that communications in transport should be improved,

but also that communication between human beings should be kept smooth and polite. All over cities, it seems that people are too tired and too rushed to be polite. Shop assistants won't bother to assist, taxi-drivers growl7 at each other as they dash dangerously round corners, bus conductor pull the bell before their desperate passengers have had time to get on or offer the bus, and so on and so on. It seems to us that it is up to the young and strong to do their small part to stop such deterioration8.

名人名言
You may be disappointed if you fail, but you are doomed9 if you don't try.
----Beverly Sills

metropolitan a.大城市的,大都会的
[联想词]
municipal a. 市的,市政的

courtesy n. 1.谦恭有礼 2.有礼貌的举止(或言词)

cripple n. 跛子,伤残人 vt. 1.使跛,使受伤致残 2.严重削弱,使陷于瘫痪

stout10 a. 1.发胖的,胖而大的 2.结实的,牢固的 3.勇敢的,大胆的,顽强的
[联想词]
sturdy a. 1.强壮的,结实的,坚固的 2.坚定的,坚强的
hardy11 a. 1.强壮的,坚强的,能吃苦耐劳的 2.耐寒的
robust12 a. 强壮的,健康的
muscular a. 肌肉发达的,强壮的
fragile a. 1.易碎的,脆的,易损坏的 2.虚弱的,脆弱的

irritate vt. 1.使恼怒,使烦躁 2.使(身体某部分)不适,使疼痛
irritable a. 1.易怒的,急躁的 2.(器官等)过敏的
[联想词]
aggravate vt. 1.加重,加剧,使恶化 2.激怒,使恼火

angel n. 1.天使 2.可爱的人

brisk a. 1.轻快的,生气勃勃的 2.兴隆的,繁忙活跃的 3.寒冷而清新的
[联想词]
energetic a. 精力充沛的,充满活力的
slack a. 1.不活跃的,萧条的,清淡的 2.懈怠的,马虎的 3.松(驰)的
n. (绳索等)松弛部分 vi.懈怠,懒散

weary a. 1.疲劳的,疲倦的 2.使人疲劳的,使人厌倦的 vi.(of)厌烦,不耐烦

shove vt. 1.乱推,挤 2.乱塞,随意做 vi. 用力推,挤 n.猛推

commend vt. 1.表扬,称赞 2.推荐

imperative a. 1.必要的,紧急的,极重要的 2.命令的 n. 必要的事,必须完成的事

growl vi. 1.(动物)发狺狺声 2.低志咆哮着说话
[联想词]
howl vi.嚎叫,吼叫,(风)呼啸 n.嚎叫,吼叫,(风)呼啸
yell vi. 号叫,叫喊 n.号叫,叫喊
mutter v. n.轻声低语,小声抱怨
mute a. 1.缄默的,无声的 2.哑的,举说话的 3.(字母)不发声的 vt.消除(声音),减轻声音
murmur v. n. 小声说话,小声抱怨,咕哝
buzz n. 嗡嗡声 vi.发出嗡嗡声

deteriorate13 vi. 变坏,恶化
deterioration n. 变坏,恶化,堕落
[联想词]
crumble vt. 弄碎 vi. 崩溃,瓦解

perfection n. 完美,完善
[联想词]
intact a. 完整无缺的,未经触动的,未受损伤的

 
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1 metropolitan mCyxZ     
adj.大城市的，大都会的
参考例句：
  • Metropolitan buildings become taller than ever.大城市的建筑变得比以前更高。
  • Metropolitan residents are used to fast rhythm.大都市的居民习惯于快节奏。
2 continental Zazyk     
adj.大陆的，大陆性的，欧洲大陆的
参考例句：
  • A continental climate is different from an insular one.大陆性气候不同于岛屿气候。
  • The most ancient parts of the continental crust are 4000 million years old.大陆地壳最古老的部分有40亿年历史。
3 physically iNix5     
adj.物质上，体格上，身体上，按自然规律
参考例句：
  • He was out of sorts physically,as well as disordered mentally.他浑身不舒服，心绪也很乱。
  • Every time I think about it I feel physically sick.一想起那件事我就感到极恶心。
4 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
5 irritable LRuzn     
adj.急躁的；过敏的；易怒的
参考例句：
  • He gets irritable when he's got toothache.他牙一疼就很容易发脾气。
  • Our teacher is an irritable old lady.She gets angry easily.我们的老师是位脾气急躁的老太太。她很容易生气。
6 imperative BcdzC     
n.命令，需要；规则；祈使语气；adj.强制的；紧急的
参考例句：
  • He always speaks in an imperative tone of voice.他老是用命令的口吻讲话。
  • The events of the past few days make it imperative for her to act.过去这几天发生的事迫使她不得不立即行动。
7 growl VeHzE     
v.（狗等）嗥叫，（炮等）轰鸣；n.嗥叫，轰鸣
参考例句：
  • The dog was biting,growling and wagging its tail.那条狗在一边撕咬一边低声吼叫，尾巴也跟着摇摆。
  • The car growls along rutted streets.汽车在车辙纵横的街上一路轰鸣。
8 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化；恶化；变坏
参考例句：
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。
9 doomed EuuzC1     
命定的
参考例句：
  • The court doomed the accused to a long term of imprisonment. 法庭判处被告长期监禁。
  • A country ruled by an iron hand is doomed to suffer. 被铁腕人物统治的国家定会遭受不幸的。
10 stout PGuzF     
adj.强壮的，粗大的，结实的，勇猛的，矮胖的
参考例句：
  • He cut a stout stick to help him walk.他砍了一根结实的枝条用来拄着走路。
  • The stout old man waddled across the road.那肥胖的老人一跩一跩地穿过马路。
11 hardy EenxM     
adj.勇敢的，果断的，吃苦的；耐寒的
参考例句：
  • The kind of plant is a hardy annual.这种植物是耐寒的一年生植物。
  • He is a hardy person.他是一个能吃苦耐劳的人。
12 robust FXvx7     
adj.强壮的，强健的，粗野的，需要体力的，浓的
参考例句：
  • She is too tall and robust.她个子太高，身体太壮。
  • China wants to keep growth robust to reduce poverty and avoid job losses,AP commented.美联社评论道，中国希望保持经济强势增长，以减少贫困和失业状况。
13 deteriorate Zm8zW     
v.变坏；恶化；退化
参考例句：
  • Do you think relations between China and Japan will continue to deteriorate?你认为中日关系会继续恶化吗？
  • He held that this would only cause the situation to deteriorate further.他认为，这只会使局势更加恶化。

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