职称英语（卫生类）模拟试题（二）c

5.第四部分：阅读理解
The Gene¹ Industry
Major companies are already in pursuit of commercial application of the new biology. They dream of placing enzymes² in the automobile³ to monitor exhausted⁴ and send data on pollution to a microprocessor⁶ that will then adjust the engine. They speak of what the New York Times calls “metal-hungry microbes that might be used to mine valuable trace metals from ocean water”. They have already demanded and won the right to patent new lifeforms.
Nervous critics, including many scientists, worry that there is corporate⁷, national, international, and inter-scientific rivalry⁸ in the entire biotechnological field. They create images not of oil spills, but of “microbe spills” that could spread disease and destroy entire populations. The creation and accidental release of extremely poisonous microbe, however, is only one cause for alarm. Completely rational and respectable scientists are talking about possibilities that stagger the the imagination.
Should we breed people with cow-like stomachs so they can digest grass and hay, thereby⁹ relieving the food problem by modifying us to eat lower down on the food chain? Should we biologically alter workers to fit the job requirement, for example, creation pilots with faster reaction times or assembly-line workers designed to do our monotonous¹⁰ work for us? Should we attempt to eliminate “inferior” people and rear a “super-race”? （Hitler tried this, but without the genetic¹¹ weaponry that may soon issue from our laboratories.） Should we produce soldiers to do our fighting? Should we use genetic forecasting to pre-eliminate “unfit” babies? Should we grow reserve organs for ourselves, each of us having, as it were, a “savings bank” full of spare kidneys, livers, or hands?
Wild as these notions may sound, every one has its advocates （and opposers） in the scientific community as well as its striking commercial application. As two critics of genetic engineering, Jeremy Rifkin and Ted⁵ Howard, state in their book Who should Play God?, “Broad scale genetic engineering will probably be introduced to America much the same way as assembly lines, automobiles¹², vaccines¹³, computers and all the other technologies. As each new genetic advance becomes commercially practical, a new consumer demand will be exploited and market for the new technology will be created.”
41. According to the passage, the exhaust from a car engineer could probably be checked by _____.
A. using metal-hungry microbes.
B. making use of enzymes.
C. adjusting the engine.
D. patenting new lifeforms.
42. According to the passage, which of the following would worry the critics the most?
A. The unanticipated explosion of the population.
B. The creation of biological solar cells.
C. The accidental spill of oil.
D. The unexpected release of destructive on microbes
43. Which of the following notions is NOT mentioned?
A. Developing a “savings bank” of one’s organs.
B. Breeding soldiers for a war.
C. Producing people with cow-like stomachs.
D. Using genetic forecasting to cure disease.
44. According to the passage, Hitler attempted to _____.
A. change the pilots biologically to win the war.
B. develop genetic farming for food supply.
C. kill the people he though of as inferior.
D. encourage the development of genetic weapons for the war.
45. What does Jeremy Gifkin and Ted Howard’s statement imply?
A. The commercial applications of genetic engineering are inevitable¹⁴.
B. America will depend on other countries for biological progress.
C. Americans are proud of their computers, automobiles and genetic technologies.
D. The potential application of each new genetic advance should be controlled.
6.第五部分：补全短文
British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, both in area and population. It is nearly one and a half times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles （1,280 km） north from the United States border. ___46____.
Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long, rugged¹⁵ ranges running north and south. ___47_____, During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured¹⁶ by glaciers¹⁷ until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered¹⁸ along the coast.
The southwestern coastal¹⁹ region has a humid mild marine²⁰ climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. ____48____.
___49_____, As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches （500 cm） of rain fall each year.
More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. ___50_____, These forest giants often grow to be as much as 300 feet （90m） tall, with diameters up to 10 feet （3m）. More lumber²¹ is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America.
A. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful²² rainfall, huge Douglas first rise in towering columns
B. It includes Canada’s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast
C. These warm western winds also carry moisture from the ocean
D. Plants are the basis of the food pyramid for all living things, even for other plants
E. Even the coastal islands are the mains of a mountain range that existed thousands of year ago
F. Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains.
7.第六部分：完形填空
Margaret Sanger and Birth Control
Margaret Sanger, an American nurse, was the first to start the modern birth control moment in the United States. In 1912, she __51__ publishing information about women’s reproductive concerns through articles and books. In 1914, Sanger was charged __52__ violation²³ of the Comstock Law, which federal legislation had passed in 1873 forbidding the mailing of sexy material __53__ information about birth control and contraceptive devices. Though she was put in hail for these activities, Sanger __54__ to publish and spread information about birth control. She and her sister Ethel Byme opened the first of several birth control clinics in America on October 16,1916, in Brooklyn, New York.
The Comstock Law was rewritten by Congress in 1936 to __55__ birth control information and devices. Many states had laws forbidding distribution or use of contraceptive devices but the constitutionality of these laws was increasingly __56__, In 1965, the Supreme²⁴ Court of the United States rules that married people have the right to practice birth control without government intervention²⁵. In 1972, the court __57__ that unmarried people have the same right.
Today there are more birth control options __58__, but overpopulation and unwanted pregnancies²⁶ remain worldwide __59__. Having more children than one can support may lead __60__ poverty, illness, and high death rates for babies, children, and women.
The problem of teenage pregnancy²⁷ is __61__ worse in the United States __62__ in almost any other developed country. Studies show that birth rates for women under 20 are higher in the United States than is 29 other __63__ countries. A detailed²⁸ study suggested that the problem of teenage pregnancy in the United States may be __64__ to less sex education in schools and lower availability of contraceptive services and supplies to young people. This study __65__ the view of people in the United States who argue that sex education or making contraceptive supplies available to school-age children promotes sexual activity.
51 A. offered B. refused C. took D. began
52 A. of B. with C. for D. to
53 A. denying B. linking C. including D. understanding
54 A. continued B. started C. kept D stopped
55 A. exclude B. spread C. forbid D. include
56 A. accepted B. questioned C. confirmed D. favored
57 A. permitted B. knew C. suspected D. held
58 A. than never before B. than before ever
C. than before never D. than ever before
59 A. beliefs B. problems C. gossips D. doubts
60 A. on B. at C. by D. to
61 A. considerably²⁹ B. adequately C. enough D. more
62 A. as B. for C. than D. over
63 A. developing B. developed C. poor D. acceptable
64 A. related B. popular C. loyal D. concerned
65 A. regards B. suggests C. supports D. counters
答案部分
一、单项选择题。
1.
「正确答案」 C
2.
「正确答案」 A
3.
「正确答案」 B
4.
「正确答案」 B
5.
「正确答案」 A
6.
「正确答案」 A
7.
「正确答案」 B
8.
「正确答案」 B
9.
「正确答案」 C
10.
「正确答案」 C
11.
「正确答案」 C
12.
「正确答案」 A
13.
「正确答案」 C
14.
「正确答案」 D
15.
「正确答案」 A
二、综合题。
1.
「正确答案」 16-22. CBAA BCA
2.
「正确答案」 23-30.　BEFC BDFA
3.
「正确答案」 31-35 BDCAC
4.
「正确答案」 36－40 DABAD
5.
「正确答案」 41-45 BDDCA
6.
「正确答案」 46-50. BECFA
7.
「正确答案」 51-65. DBCAD BDDBD ACBAD