四六级阅读难点关键句200句（六）

101. Thus in addition to the chances of going away from the right path outlined above, the scientific investigator¹ shares with the ordinary citizen the possibilities of falling into errors of reasoning in the ways we have just indicated, and many others as well.

    102. He made a hole and peering through, could see jewellery, and other objects stacked in piles in the shadows that extended beyond the beam of light penetrating² the interior.

    103. Neither Ayat nor the Rassoul brothers noticed, however, that most of the pieces they were selling were of a type not previously³ seen in the marketplace—pieces whose existence had been suspected but which had not yet been discovered by archaeologists.

    104. “The biggest construction project of this century”, explained French President Francois Mitterand in January, 1986 as he and then British prime minister Margaret Thatcher⁴ jointly⁶ announced that the two countries would finally overcome ancient quarrels and prejudices and forge a link across the narrow Channel separating them.

    105. Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae(水藻) of a size that could be collected in a net (net phytoplankton), a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton(浮游植物群落) that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.

    106. The converse⁷ observation, of the absence of grazers (食草动物)in areas of high phytoPlankton(浮游植物群落)concentration, led Hardy⁸ to propose his principle of animal exclusion⁹ , which hypothesized that phytoplankton produced a repellent(驱虫剂) that excluded grazers from regions of high phytoplankton concentration.

    107. Although these molecules¹⁰ allow radiation at visible at wave lengths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared¹¹ emission(红外辐射) radiated from the Earth’s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.

    108. In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane¹², verges¹³ on expressionism or surrealism(超现实主义), does this technique provide a counter point to the prevalent theme that portrays¹⁴ the fate against which Black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression?

    109. Roseenblatt’s thematic analysis permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly¹⁵ states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works—yet his reluctance¹⁶ seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise¹⁷ might have led to interesting results.

    110. Thus, for instance, it may come as a shock to mathematicians¹⁸ to learn that the Schrodinger equation (薛定谔的方程式)for the hydrogen atom is not a literally¹⁹ correct description of this atom, but only an approximation to a somewhat more correct equation taking account of spin, magnetic dipole (磁性偶极子), and relatiristic effects, and that this corrected equation is itself only an imperfect approximation to an infinite set of quantum field theoretical equations( 量子场论方程式).

    111. Great comic artists assume that truth may bear all lights, and thus they seek to accentuate( 强调) contradictions in social action, not gloss²⁰ over or transcend²¹ them by appeals to extrasocial symbols of divine ends, cosmic purpose, or laws of nature.

    112. The hydrologic(水文地质的) cycle, a major topic in this science, is the complete cycle of phenomena²² through which water passes, beginning as atmospheric²³ water vapor²⁴, passing into liquid and solid form as precipitation (降水(量)), thence along and into the ground surface, and finally again returning to the form of atmospheric water vapor by means of evaporation²⁵ and transpiration(散发).

    113. My point is that its central consciousness—its profound understanding of class and gender²⁶ as shaping influences on people’s lives—owes much to that earlier literary heritage, a heritage that, in general, has not been sufficiently²⁷ valued by most contemporary literary critics.

    114. In the early 1950’s historians who studies preindustrial Europe (which we may define here as Europe in the period from roughly 1300 to 1800) began, for the first time in large numbers, to investigate more of the preindustrial European population than the 2 or 3 percent who comprised the political and social elite²⁸ (精华) : the kings, generals, judges, nobles, bishops²⁹, and local magnates (要人) who had hitherto (迄今) usually filled history books.

    115. The historian Frederick J. Tuner wrote in the 1890’s that the agrarian(农民) discontent (不满) that had been developing steadily³⁰ in the United States since about 1870 had been precipitated³¹ (加速) by the closing of the internal frontier—that is , the depletion³² (枯竭) of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

    116. Fallois proposed that Proust had tried to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it for what was to be a long demonstration³³ of Saint-Beure’s blindness to the real nature of great writing, found the essay giving rise to personal memories and fictional³⁴ developments, and allowed these to take over in a steadily developing novel.

    117. The best evidence for the layered mantle³⁵ (地幔) thesis is the well-established fact that volcanic³⁶ rocks found on oceanic islands, islands believed to result from mantle plumes³⁷ (地柱) arising from the lower mantle, are composed of material fundamentally different from that of the midocean ridge³⁸ system, whose source, most geologists³⁹ contend, is the upper mantle.

    118. In October 1838, I happened to read for amusement Malthus on Population, and being well prepared to appreciate the struggle for existence which everywhere goes on, from long continued observation of the habits of animals and plants, it at once struck me that, under these circumstances, favorable variations would tend to be preserved, and unfavourable ones to be destroyed.

    119. But these beliefs about peptide hormones⁴⁰ (肽激素) were questioned as laboratory after laboratory found that antiserums(抗血清) to peptide hormones, when injected into the brain, bind⁴¹ in places other than the hypothalamus(下丘脑), indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react with the antiserums are present.

    120 Proponents(支持者)of the so-called Golden Quadrangle (金四角)，which would link areas of Bruma, Laos, Thailand and China's Yunnan province, are seeking an Asian Development Bank feasibility study of joint⁵ development and business projects that could free the region's hinterlands(内地)from their notorious dependence⁴² on the heroin⁴³ trade.

 

    第六部分（101-120句译文）

    101、因此除了以上列出的走弯路的可能性外，科学研究者们和普通人一样，也有在我们刚才提到的思维方式上犯错误的可能性，以及在一些其他的方面。

    102、他掏了个洞往里瞥去，能看见珠宝，在透进去的光线之外的阴影里面，还有些堆成堆的其他东西。

    103、阿雅特和罗索尔兄弟都不知道他们销售的大部分都是以前在市场上面没有人见过的东西——只被人们猜想过它的存在，但从来没有考古学家真正发现过。

    104、1986年1月，法国总统弗兰西斯· 密特朗解释说：“这是本世纪最大的建设项目。”当时，他和英国首相玛格丽特·撒切尔一起宣布两国将克服一直以来的争论和偏见，铺设一条横穿分隔两国的狭长海峡的地下隧道。

    105、也学是早期的许多研究只考虑了一种大小足以被浮游植物网采集的水藻，而这种做法忽略了更小的浮游植物—现在我们知道食草动物很可能以它为生。这些事实和做法导致了在后面的研究中对食草动物的忽视。

    106、相反的观察，即在浮游植物群落高度集中的地方缺乏食草动物的现象，使哈笛提出了他的“动物排除”理论，该理论假设浮游植物群落能产生一种驱虫剂赶走在浮游植物高度集中区域内的食草动物。

    107、尽管这些分子能够透过可见光，阳光的大部分热量?都集中在这个波段，但是它们吸收长波，从地表来的红外辐射，或者将有些辐射折射回空中。

    108、此外，一些黑人小说的风格，像Jean Toomer的Cane，就接近于表现主义或者超现实主义，这种巧合是否给流行描述黑人主人公与命运对抗的主题提供了一个反衬点，或者经常被更加自然的表达模式所传达的主题？

    109、Roseenblatt的主题分析非常有客观性，他甚至明确地说他并不愿判断各种作品的价值—但他的说法似乎有些不对头，特别是有时赞美的尝试可能产生有趣的结果。

    110、这样，对于数学家们来说是非常惊诧的，例如，薛定谔方程式并不是氢原子的准确描述，而只是某种程度上的近似值。它近似于另外一种描述磁性偶极子相对效果的方程，而这个方程本身又是一套不定量子场论方程的近似值。

    111、大喜剧家们认为真理需要各种启示，因此他们开始强调社会活动中的各种矛盾，而不是掩饰或者通过非社会象征的神圣结局和喜剧目的、自然规律来超越它。

    112、水文地质循环是这一科学里面的一个重要课题，它是水的完全循环过程。这一过程从水蒸汽开始中，以降水量的形式成为液态或者固态水，这样就到了地表，最后又通过蒸发或者散发方式回到水蒸汽的状态。

    113、我认为它的关键意识——它对于阶级和性的深远理解对人们的生活有着重要影响——很大程度上归功于文化遗产，总的来说，当代的文艺批评家并未对此给予足够评价。

    114、早在20世纪50年代，许多研究前工业时代欧洲（我们可将其粗略定义为1300年至1800年间的欧洲）的历史学家们开始研究更多的欧洲人群，而不仅仅局在只占人口总数2％到3％的那些至今还充斥着历史书籍的政治、社会、精英人物：国王、将军、法官、贵族主教和地方要人。

    115、历史学家Frederick J Tuner在19世纪90年代写道：自1870年以来美国农民的不满一直在缓慢增长，直到1870年关闭了内部前沿以后就被加速了——就是说，用于扩张农业系统的新土地资源已经枯竭了。

    116、Fallois提出Proust 1908年就开始写小说了，因为Saint-Beure对于写作的真实性质的忽视，他把小说放置了。后来开始流行个人回忆录和科幻小说，这些东西和小说一起稳步地发展。

    117、分层地幔的最好证据就是在海岛上发现的火山岩这一明显的事实。岛屿被认为是从低层地幔升起的地柱形成的，它构成的基本成份与海中的山脊系统根本不同，许多地质学家认为它起源于上层地幔。

    118、1838年10月，我随便读了《马尔萨散人口论》，很欣赏书的到处都有的生存竞争，经过对动物和植物生存习性的长期观察，我忽然想到这种环境下，有利于生存的变化被保留了，而不利于生存变化被消除了。

    119、但是这些对于肽激素的信仿，被一个又一个的实验室质疑，他们发现抗血清被注入大脑后，并不在下丘脑那里才凝固，显示出肽激素和与抗血清反作用的物质都不存在。

    120、连接着缅甸、老挝、泰国和中国云南省的区域构成了所谓的金三角，它的支持者们正寻求亚洲发展银行进行合作开发的可行性研究，以此来使其区域内地摆脱对臭名昭著的海洛因贸易的依靠。