改革开放相关英语词汇

时间：2007-07-02 07:19:06

（单词翻译:单击）

保险业 The insurance industry
保证重点支出 Ensure funding for priority areas
被兼并或挤掉 annexed1 or forced out of business
补发拖欠的养老金  Clear up pension payments in arrears2
不良贷款  Non-performing loan
层层转包和违法分保  Multi-level contracting and illegal subcontracting
产值 output value
城乡信用社 Credit Cooperative in both urban and rural areas
城镇居民最低生活保障  A minimum standard of living for city residents
城镇职工医疗保险制度  The system of medical insurance for urban workers
抽样调查 data from the sample survey
出口信贷 Export credit
初步建立社会主义计划商品经济新体制。 to establish at a preliminary level a new system of socialist3 planned commodity economy.
贷款质量 Loan quality
贷款质量五级分类办法  The five-category assets classification for bank loans
第二产业 secondary industry
第三产业 tertiary industry
第一产业 primary industry
独资企业 wholly foreign owned/funded enterprise
发电量 electric energy production
发挥市场的调节作用 to give play to the regulatory role of the market
发展过快 excessive growth
防范和化解金融风险  Take precautions against and reduce financial risks
防洪工程  Flood-prevention project
非法外汇交易 Illegal foreign exchange transaction
非公有成分 non-public sectors5
非贸易收汇  Foreign exchange earnings6 through non trade channels
非银行金融机构  Non-bank financial institutions
费改税 Transform administrative7 fees into taxes
分配形式 forms of distribution
风险资金 risk funds
副业 sideline production
改革是"社会主义制度的自我完善和自我发展"。 Reform is "the self-perfection and self-development of the socialist system."
改革重点转移到城市 the focus of reform is shifted to the cities
改善经济环境 improve economic environment
搞活企业 invigorate/ revitalize/ rejuvenate9 enterprises
各尽所能，按劳/需分配。 from each according to his ability, to each according to his work/needs.
跟踪审计  Follow-up auditing10
工程监理制度 The monitoring system for projects
公有制 public ownership
鼓励 give incentive11 to
管理不善 poor management
国际收支 international balance of payments
国家保障国有经济的巩固和发展。 The state ensures the consolidation12 and growth of the state economy.
国家的根本任务是，集中力量进行社会主义现代化建设 The basic task of the nation is to concentrate its efforts on socialist modernization13.
国民生产总值 GNP (Gross National Product)
国内生产总值 GDP (Gross Domestic Product)
国有经济，即社会主义全民所有制经济，是国民经济中的主导力量。 The state economy is the sector4 of socialist economy under ownership by the whole people; it is the leading force in the national economy.
国有资产安全 The safety of state-owned assets
过度开垦 Excess reclamation14
合同管理制度 The contract system for governing projects
合资企业 joint15 venture
合作企业 cooperative enterprise
和平演变 peaceful evolution
宏观控制 exercise macro-control
机电产品 Electromechanical products
积极的财政政策 Pro-active fiscal16 policy
基本生活费 Basic allowances
基石 cornerstone
计划经济和市场调节相结合的机制 a mechanism17 that combines planned economy and market regulation
家庭联产责任承包制 family-contract responsibility system
结售汇制度 The system of exchange settlement and sales
解除劳动关系 Sever18 labor19 relations
解放生产力 liberate/unshackle/release the productive forces
金融监管责任制 The responsibility system for financial supervision20
经济安全 Economic security
经济和法律的杠杆 economic and legal leverages21
经济计划和市场调节相结合 to combine economic planning with market regulation
经济结构改革。 reform in economic structure
经营机制 operative mechanism
精华、精粹、实质 quintessence
举措 move
靠扩大财政赤字搞建设  To increase the deficit22 to spend more on development
扣除物价上涨部分 price increase are deducted23 (excluded)
扩大国内需求 The expansion of domestic demand
拉动经济增长  Fuel economic growth
厉行节约，反对浪费 to practice strict economy and combat waste
粮食仓库 Grain depot24
粮食收储企业 Grain Collection and storage enterprise
粮食收购资金实行封闭运行 Closed operation of grain purchase funds
粮食销售市场 Grain sales market
劣质工程  Shoddy engineering
林业 forestry25
零售 retail26
流通制度 circulation system
乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款  Arbitrary charges, fund-raising, quotas27 and fines
农业 farming
骗汇、逃汇、套汇  Obtain foreign currency under false pretenses28, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage29
取消国家对农产品的统购统销 to cancel the state's monopoly on the purchase and marketing30 of agricultural products
全民所有制 ownership by the entire/whole people
全体会议 plenary session
人均国民生产总值 per capita GNP
人均收入 per capita income
融资渠道 Financing channels
善于接受的 receptive
商品经济 commodity economy
商业信贷原则 The principles for commercial credit
社会保险机构 Social security institution
社会主义的最终目标是解放生产力，消灭剥削，消除贫富两极分化，最终达到共同富裕。 The main goals of socialism are the liberation and development of productive forces, the elimination31 of exploitation and polarization between the rich and the poor and the final achievement of common prosperity.
社会主义集体所有制 socialist collective ownership
社会主义经济制度的基础是生产资料的社会主义公有制，即全民所有制和劳动群众集体所有制。 The basis of the socialist economic system is socialist public ownership of the means of production, namely, ownership by the whole people and collective ownership by the working people.
生产关系 relations of production
生产力 productive forces
生产资料 means of production
生活资料 means of livelihood/subsistence
剩余劳动力。 surplus labor
失业保险金 Unemployment insurance benefits
实际增长率 actual growth rate
实事求是 seek truth from facts
实在的 tangible32
使负担 be saddled with
试一下 have a go (at sth.)
输入活力 bring vigor8 into
私有制 private ownership
随着改革的深化，国家指令性计划的范围将会缩小，而市场调节的范围将会扩大。 As the reform further develops, the scope for mandatory33 state plans will be narrowed, while the scope for market forces will be enlarged.
偷税、骗税、逃税、抗税 Tax evasion34, tax fraud and refusal pay taxes
投入 input35
外汇收支 Foreign exchange revenue and spending
外资企业 foreign-funded enterprise
我们辨别的标准是看这样做是否有利于发展社会主义的生产力，是否有利于增强社会主义国家的综合国力，是否有利于提高人民的生活水平。 The criterion for our judgment36 is whether the move facilitates the development of socialist productive forces, whether it helps increase the overall national strength of a socialist country, and whether it brings about better living standards.
畜牧业 animal husbandry
要人们警惕右和"左"的影响，特别是"左"的根深蒂固的影响。 to warn people of the influence of both the Right and the "Left" deviations38, particularly of the deep-rooted "Left" influence.
一个中心、两个基本点one central task and two basic points
以经济建设为中心，坚持四项基本原则（1）社会主义道路（2）党的领导（3）人民民主专政（4）马列主义毛泽东思想、坚持改革开放 the
central task refers to economic construction and two basic points are the four cardinal39 principles - adherence40 to the socialist road, to Communist Party leadership, to the people's democratic dictatorship and to Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought - and persisting in reform and opening.
引进、输入 importation
引入歧途 lead one to a blind alley41
营业发达的公司 going concerns
优化经济结构 optimize42 the economic structure
有色金属 nonferrous metals
有效地控制通货膨胀 effectively control inflation
渔业 fishing
增额、增值、增长 increment43
整顿经济秩序 rectify44 economic order
中国要警惕右，但更要防"左"。 China needs to be vigilant45 against the Right deviation37, but primarily, it should guard against the "Left" deviation.
逐步实现工业、农业、国防和科学技术的现代化，把我国建设成为富强、民主、文明的社会主义国家。 to modernize46 the country's industry, agriculture, national defense47 and science and technology step by step to turn China into a strong and prosperous socialist country with a high level of culture and democracy.
主要成分 dominant48 sector
资本主义和社会主义并不是以计划经济和市场的多少来划分的。 Socialism and capitalism49 are not distinguished50 by the proportion of planned and market economy.
总工资 total wages
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1 annexed ca83f28e6402c883ed613e9ee0580f48     
[法] 附加的，附属的
参考例句：
  • Germany annexed Austria in 1938. 1938年德国吞并了奥地利。
  • The outlying villages were formally annexed by the town last year. 那些偏远的村庄于去年正式被并入该镇。
2 arrears IVYzQ     
n.到期未付之债，拖欠的款项；待做的工作
参考例句：
  • The payments on that car loan are in arrears by three months.购车贷款的偿付被拖欠了三个月。
  • They are urgent for payment of arrears of wages.他们催讨拖欠的工钱。
3 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的
参考例句：
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
4 sector yjczYn     
n.部门，部分；防御地段，防区；扇形
参考例句：
  • The export sector will aid the economic recovery. 出口产业将促进经济复苏。
  • The enemy have attacked the British sector.敌人已进攻英国防区。
5 sectors 218ffb34fa5fb6bc1691e90cd45ad627     
n.部门( sector的名词复数 )；领域；防御地区；扇形
参考例句：
  • Berlin was divided into four sectors after the war. 战后柏林分成了4 个区。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • Industry and agriculture are the two important sectors of the national economy. 工业和农业是国民经济的两个重要部门。 来自《现代汉英综合大词典》
6 earnings rrWxJ     
n.工资收人；利润，利益，所得
参考例句：
  • That old man lives on the earnings of his daughter.那个老人靠他女儿的收入维持生活。
  • Last year there was a 20% decrease in his earnings.去年他的收入减少了20%。
7 administrative fzDzkc     
adj.行政的，管理的
参考例句：
  • The administrative burden must be lifted from local government.必须解除地方政府的行政负担。
  • He regarded all these administrative details as beneath his notice.他认为行政管理上的这些琐事都不值一顾。
8 vigor yLHz0     
n.活力，精力，元气
参考例句：
  • The choir sang the words out with great vigor.合唱团以极大的热情唱出了歌词。
  • She didn't want to be reminded of her beauty or her former vigor.现在，她不愿人们提起她昔日的美丽和以前的精力充沛。
9 rejuvenate oVVxn     
v.(使)返老还童；(使)恢复活力
参考例句：
  • The mountain air will rejuvenate you.山里的空气会使你恢复活力。
  • Exercise is perhaps the most effective way to rejuvenate your skin.锻炼可能是使皮肤恢复活力的最好手段。
10 auditing JyVzib     
n.审计，查账，决算
参考例句：
  • Auditing standards are the rules governing how an audit is performed.收支检查标准是规则统治一个稽核如何被运行。
  • The auditing services market is dominated by a few large accounting firms.审计服务市场被几家大型会计公司独占了。
11 incentive j4zy9     
n.刺激；动力；鼓励；诱因；动机
参考例句：
  • Money is still a major incentive in most occupations.在许多职业中，钱仍是主要的鼓励因素。
  • He hasn't much incentive to work hard.他没有努力工作的动机。
12 consolidation 4YuyW     
n.合并,巩固
参考例句：
  • The denser population necessitates closer consolidation both for internal and external action. 住得日益稠密的居民，对内和对外都不得不更紧密地团结起来。 来自英汉非文学 - 家庭、私有制和国家的起源
  • The state ensures the consolidation and growth of the state economy. 国家保障国营经济的巩固和发展。 来自汉英非文学 - 中国宪法
13 modernization nEyxp     
n.现代化，现代化的事物
参考例句：
  • This will help us achieve modernization.这有助于我们实现现代化。
  • The Chinese people are sure to realize the modernization of their country.中国人民必将实现国家现代化。
14 reclamation MkNzIa     
n.开垦；改造；（废料等的）回收
参考例句：
  • We should encourage reclamation and recycling.我们应当鼓励废物的回收和利用。
  • The area is needed for a land reclamation project.一个土地开垦项目要在这一地区进行。
15 joint m3lx4     
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
  • I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。
  • We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。
16 fiscal agbzf     
adj.财政的，会计的，国库的，国库岁入的
参考例句：
  • The increase of taxation is an important fiscal policy.增税是一项重要的财政政策。
  • The government has two basic strategies of fiscal policy available.政府有两个可行的财政政策基本战略。
17 mechanism zCWxr     
n.机械装置；机构，结构
参考例句：
  • The bones and muscles are parts of the mechanism of the body.骨骼和肌肉是人体的组成部件。
  • The mechanism of the machine is very complicated.这台机器的结构是非常复杂的。
18 sever wTXzb     
v.切开，割开；断绝，中断
参考例句：
  • She wanted to sever all her connections with the firm.她想断绝和那家公司的所有联系。
  • We must never sever the cultural vein of our nation.我们不能割断民族的文化血脉。
19 labor P9Tzs     
n.劳动，努力，工作，劳工；分娩；vi.劳动，努力，苦干；vt.详细分析；麻烦
参考例句：
  • We are never late in satisfying him for his labor.我们从不延误付给他劳动报酬。
  • He was completely spent after two weeks of hard labor.艰苦劳动两周后，他已经疲惫不堪了。
20 supervision hr6wv     
n.监督，管理
参考例句：
  • The work was done under my supervision.这项工作是在我的监督之下完成的。
  • The old man's will was executed under the personal supervision of the lawyer.老人的遗嘱是在律师的亲自监督下执行的。
21 leverages 841df031fd835e4b11da3bb97cd0dd0b     
促使…改变( leverage的第三人称单数 )； [美国英语]杠杆式投机，（使）举债经营，（使）利用贷款进行投机
参考例句：
  • Additionally, this approach leverages the benefits of incremental and full backups. 除此之外，这一个作法也使渐近式以及完全的备份变得容易。
  • A simple formula for building mutual value-creating relationships with consumers leverages dialogue, data, and insights. 与客户建立共同的价值创造关系，一条简单的准则就是利用对话、数据和洞察力。
22 deficit tmAzu     
n.亏空，亏损；赤字，逆差
参考例句：
  • The directors have reported a deficit of 2.5 million dollars.董事们报告赤字为250万美元。
  • We have a great deficit this year.我们今年有很大亏损。
23 deducted 0dc984071646e559dd56c3bd5451fd72     
v.扣除，减去( deduct的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • The cost of your uniform will be deducted from your wages. 制服费将从你的工资中扣除。
  • The cost of the breakages will be deducted from your pay. 损坏东西的费用将从你的工资中扣除。 来自《简明英汉词典》
24 depot Rwax2     
n.仓库，储藏处；公共汽车站；火车站
参考例句：
  • The depot is only a few blocks from here.公共汽车站离这儿只有几个街区。
  • They leased the building as a depot.他们租用这栋大楼作仓库。
25 forestry 8iBxk     
n.森林学；林业
参考例句：
  • At present, the Chinese forestry is being at a significant transforming period. 当前, 我国的林业正处于一个重大的转折时期。
  • Anhua is one of the key forestry counties in Hunan province. 安化县是湖南省重点林区县之一。
26 retail VWoxC     
v./n.零售；adv.以零售价格
参考例句：
  • In this shop they retail tobacco and sweets.这家铺子零售香烟和糖果。
  • These shoes retail at 10 yuan a pair.这些鞋子零卖10元一双。
27 quotas 56efa1d6a3d7b4abe55e080dda812715     
（正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派
参考例句：
  • In fulfilling the production quotas, John made rings round all his fellow workers. 约翰完成生产定额大大超过他的同事们。
  • Quotas of the means of production are allocated by the higher administrative bodies to the lower ones. 物资指标按隶属关系分配。
28 pretenses 8aab62e9150453b3925dde839f075217     
n.借口（pretense的复数形式）
参考例句：
  • They obtained money under the false pretenses of patriotism. 他们以虚伪的爱国主义为借口获得金钱。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • He obtained money from her under false pretenses. 他巧立名目从她那儿骗钱。 来自辞典例句
29 arbitrage deBy2     
n.套利，套汇
参考例句：
  • This is an example of arbitrage.这就是套利的一个例子。
  • That is interest arbitrage in practice.这就是所谓的套利。
30 marketing Boez7e     
n.行销，在市场的买卖，买东西
参考例句：
  • They are developing marketing network.他们正在发展销售网络。
  • He often goes marketing.他经常去市场做生意。
31 elimination 3qexM     
n.排除，消除，消灭
参考例句：
  • Their elimination from the competition was a great surprise.他们在比赛中遭到淘汰是个很大的意外。
  • I was eliminated from the 400 metres in the semi-finals.我在400米半决赛中被淘汰。
32 tangible 4IHzo     
adj.有形的，可触摸的，确凿的，实际的
参考例句：
  • The policy has not yet brought any tangible benefits.这项政策还没有带来任何实质性的好处。
  • There is no tangible proof.没有确凿的证据。
33 mandatory BjTyz     
adj.命令的；强制的；义务的；n.受托者
参考例句：
  • It's mandatory to pay taxes.缴税是义务性的。
  • There is no mandatory paid annual leave in the U.S.美国没有强制带薪年假。
34 evasion 9nbxb     
n.逃避，偷漏(税)
参考例句：
  • The movie star is in prison for tax evasion.那位影星因为逃税而坐牢。
  • The act was passed as a safeguard against tax evasion.这项法案旨在防止逃税行为。
35 input X6lxm     
n.输入(物)；投入；vt.把(数据等)输入计算机
参考例句：
  • I will forever be grateful for his considerable input.我将永远感激他的大量投入。
  • All this information had to be input onto the computer.所有这些信息都必须输入计算机。
36 judgment e3xxC     
n.审判；判断力，识别力，看法，意见
参考例句：
  • The chairman flatters himself on his judgment of people.主席自认为他审视人比别人高明。
  • He's a man of excellent judgment.他眼力过人。
37 deviation Ll0zv     
n.背离，偏离；偏差，偏向；离题
参考例句：
  • Deviation from this rule are very rare.很少有违反这条规则的。
  • Any deviation from the party's faith is seen as betrayal.任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。
38 deviations 02ee50408d4c28684c509a0539908669     
背离，偏离( deviation的名词复数 )； 离经叛道的行为
参考例句：
  • Local deviations depend strongly on the local geometry of the solid matrix. 局部偏离严格地依赖于固体矩阵的局部几何形状。
  • They were a series of tactical day-to-day deviations from White House policy. 它们是一系列策略上一天天摆脱白宫政策的偏向。
39 cardinal Xcgy5     
n.(天主教的)红衣主教；adj.首要的，基本的
参考例句：
  • This is a matter of cardinal significance.这是非常重要的事。
  • The Cardinal coloured with vexation. 红衣主教感到恼火，脸涨得通红。
40 adherence KyjzT     
n.信奉，依附，坚持，固着
参考例句：
  • He was well known for his adherence to the rules.他因遵循这些规定而出名。
  • The teacher demanded adherence to the rules.老师要求学生们遵守纪律。
41 alley Cx2zK     
n.小巷，胡同；小径，小路
参考例句：
  • We live in the same alley.我们住在同一条小巷里。
  • The blind alley ended in a brick wall.这条死胡同的尽头是砖墙。
42 optimize WIoxY     
v.使优化 [=optimise]
参考例句：
  • We should optimize the composition of the Standing Committees.优化人大常委会组成人员的结构。
  • We should optimize our import mix and focus on bringing in advanced technology and key equipment.优化进口结构，着重引进先进技术和关键设备。
43 increment o8Cx6     
n.增值，增价；提薪，增加工资
参考例句：
  • Each increment of knowledge tells us more of our world.知识的点滴增长都会增进我们对世界的认知。
  • She receives a salary increment each year.她每年得到加薪。
44 rectify 8AezO     
v.订正，矫正，改正
参考例句：
  • The matter will rectify itself in a few days.那件事过几天就会变好。
  • You can rectify this fault if you insert a slash.插人一条斜线便可以纠正此错误。
45 vigilant ULez2     
adj.警觉的，警戒的，警惕的
参考例句：
  • He has to learn how to remain vigilant through these long nights.他得学会如何在这漫长的黑夜里保持警觉。
  • The dog kept a vigilant guard over the house.这只狗警醒地守护着这所房屋。
46 modernize SEixp     
vt.使现代化，使适应现代的需要
参考例句：
  • It was their manifest failure to modernize the country's industries.他们使国家进行工业现代化，明显失败了。
  • There is a pressing need to modernise our electoral system.我们的选举制度迫切需要现代化。
47 defense AxbxB     
n.防御，保卫；[pl.]防务工事；辩护，答辩
参考例句：
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
48 dominant usAxG     
adj.支配的，统治的；占优势的；显性的；n.主因，要素，主要的人(或物)；显性基因
参考例句：
  • The British were formerly dominant in India.英国人从前统治印度。
  • She was a dominant figure in the French film industry.她在法国电影界是个举足轻重的人物。
49 capitalism er4zy     
n.资本主义
参考例句：
  • The essence of his argument is that capitalism cannot succeed.他的论点的核心是资本主义不能成功。
  • Capitalism began to develop in Russia in the 19th century.十九世纪资本主义在俄国开始发展。
50 distinguished wu9z3v     
adj.卓越的，杰出的，著名的
参考例句：
  • Elephants are distinguished from other animals by their long noses.大象以其长长的鼻子显示出与其他动物的不同。
  • A banquet was given in honor of the distinguished guests.宴会是为了向贵宾们致敬而举行的。

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