三角恐龙家族鼻角的进化史

Scientists have discovered Wendiceratops pinhornensis, a new species of horned dinosaur¹ based on fossils collected from a bone bed in southern Alberta, Canada, according to a study published July 8, 2015 in the open-access journal PLOS ONE by co-authors David Evans from the Royal Ontario Museum and Michael Ryan from Cleveland Museum of Natural History. The new dinosaur, named Wendiceratops pinhornensis, is described from over 200 bones representing the remains² of at least four individuals, three adults and one juvenile³, collected from a bonebed in southern Alberta, Canada. Wendiceratops pinhornensis was approximately 20 feet long and weighed more than a ton. It lived about 79 million years ago, making it one of the oldest known members of the family of large-bodied horned dinosaurs⁴ that includes the famous Triceratops, the Ceratopsidae.

 

A series of forward-curling hook-like horns adorn⁵ the margin⁶ of the wide, shield-like frill that projects from the back of the Wendiceratop skull⁷, considered elaborate by the authors for an early member of the horned dinosaur family. The nasal bone, although represented by fragmentary specimens⁸, likely supported a prominent, upright nasal horn. This may represent the earliest documented occurrence of a tall nose horn in Ceratopsia, possibly shedding light on nose horn evolution in the horned dinosaur family. The addition of Wendiceratops adds to a growing body of research which suggests high diversity of ceratopsids likely associated with a rapid evolutionary⁹ radiation in the group. 

 

"Wendiceratops helps us understand the early evolution of skull ornamentation in an iconic group of dinosaurs characterized by their horned faces." said co-author Dr. David Evans. "The wide frill of Wendiceratops is ringed by numerous curled horns, the nose had a large, upright horn, and it's likely there were horns over the eyes too. The number of gnarly frill projections¹⁰ and horns makes it one of the most striking horned dinosaurs ever found."

 

The name Wendiceratops means "Wendy's horned-face", and celebrates renowned¹¹ Alberta fossil hunter Wendy Sloboda, who discovered the site in 2010.

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