宇宙中隐藏着超重黑洞

Astronomers¹ have found evidence for a large population of hidden supermassive black holes in the Universe. Using NASA's Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array (NuSTAR) satellite observatory², the team of international scientists detected the high-energy x-rays from five supermassive black holes previously³ clouded from direct view by dust and gas.

 

The research, led by astronomers at Durham University, UK, supports the theory that potentially millions more supermassive black holes exist in the Universe, but are hidden from view.

 

The findings are being presented at the Royal Astronomical⁴ Society's National Astronomy Meeting, in Llandudno, Wales, today (Monday, July 6, 2015).

 

The scientists pointed⁵ NuSTAR at nine candidate hidden supermassive black holes that were thought to be extremely active at the centre of galaxies⁶, but where the full extent of this activity was potentially obscured from view.

 

High-energy x-rays found for five of the black holes confirmed that they had been hidden by dust and gas. The five were much brighter and more active than previously thought as they rapidly feasted on surrounding material and emitted large amounts of radiation.

 

Such observations were not possible before NuSTAR, which launched in 2012 and is able to detect much higher energy x-rays than previous satellite observatories⁷.

 

Lead author George Lansbury, a postgraduate⁸ student in the Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, at Durham University, said: "For a long time we have known about supermassive black holes that are not obscured by dust and gas, but we suspected that many more were hidden from our view.

 

"Thanks to NuSTAR for the first time we have been able to clearly see these hidden monsters that are predicted to be there, but have previously been elusive⁹ because of their 'buried' state.

 

"Although we have only detected five of these hidden supermassive black holes, when we extrapolate our results across the whole Universe then the predicted numbers are huge and in agreement with what we would expect to see."

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