TEM-4 Exercise 6
时间：2006-09-13 08:31:00
（单词翻译:单击）
Reading Comprehension
Directions: In this section there are five passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
TEXT A
Petroleum1 products, such as gasoline, kerosene2, home heating oil, residual3 fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source -- crude oil found below the earth's surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth's interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent4 or opaque5, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons7. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities8. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the carious positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon6 molecule9.
The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors10. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue11 remaining after the light oils are distilled12 is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers13. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Crude oil is found below land and water.
B. Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.
C. Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.
D. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.
2. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because ___.
A. the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance
B. complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure
C. the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions
D. the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular14 transformation
3. Which of the following is true?
A. The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.
B. Heating and condensation15 produce the various products.
C. Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.
D. Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.
4. How is crude oil brought to the surface?
A. Expansion of the hydrocarbons.
B. Pressure and pumping.
C. Vacuum created in the drilling pipe.
D. Expansion and contraction16 of the earth's surface.
5. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?
A. Distillate oil.
B. Gasoline.
C. Lubrication oil.
D. Kerosene.
TEXT B
Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather".
All foods including water -- cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.
Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor17, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean18 countries, and also in
California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes19 of burning sulfur20 before drying. Plums, for making prunes21, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins22 and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying.
Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration23 is to put food in chambers25 through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at entry to about 43℃ at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced26 meat, and fish.
Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder27 by spraying them into a chamber24 through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively28 coarse flakes29. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable30 to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
6. The open-air method of drying food ___.
A. is the one most commonly used today
B. was invented by the American Indians
C. has been known for hundreds of years
D. tends to be unhygienic
7. Bacteria which cause food to go bad ___.
A. cannot live in sunlight
B. are killed by drying
C. are in no way dependent on the water content
D. have their activity greatly reduced by drying
8. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried ___.
A. on horizontal cylinders
B. in hot-air chambers
C. in the sun and wind
D. using the open tray method
9. Dried foods ___.
A. are often packed in cans or frozen
B. are used by soldiers and climbers
C. need more storage space than soldiers usually have available
D. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products
10. Housewives like dried foods because they ___.
A. are quick to prepare
B. taste better
C. can be preserved by boiling in water
D. look fresh and appetizing when cooked
TEXT C
Please Recycle That Bobsled Run (大雪橇滑道)
For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway31, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed "Disaster!" Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted "green" advice and avoided great blots33 on the landscape. The speed-skating rink was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary34. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena35 is well concealed36 and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first "Green Games".
Lillehammer's opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with '7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.
Environmentalists have declared partial victory, though Coca-Cola's plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards37 for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won't be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I.O.C. claims that green awareness38 is not entrenched39 -- along with sport and culture -- as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.
Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement40 from Greenpeace. Aspiring41 host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt32 to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the '00 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?
11. Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the "green" issues?
A. Norway.
B. France.
C. America.
D. Australia.
12. In which area did the environmentalists fail in Lillehammer?
A. Energy.
B. Smoking.
C. Housing.
D. Advertising42.
13. Which of the following describes the I. O. C's attitude towards the environmentalists' protests?
A. Trying to commit themselves.
B. Showing indifference43 and contempt.
C. Arguing for practical difficulties.
D. Negotiating for gradual changes.
14. The 2002 Games might be held in ___.
A. Oslo
B. Calgary
C. Sydney
D. Salt Lake City
TEXT D
When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.
For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly44 at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy45 are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.
A second traditional problem is that of monetary46 conversions48. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion47 rate is determined49 by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth '0.75 on Monday and '0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma50 associated with converting at '0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling51 to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at '0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.
A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas52 and tariffs53.
15. The best title for the passage would be ___.
A. How to Succeed in International Trade
B. Monetary Conversion
C. Trade Barriers
D. Unique Problems in International Trade
16. In France, tardy business people ___.
A. are often insulted
B. often suffer from coldness
C. are often left outdoors waiting
D. are often asked to polish their shoes
17. According to the passage, conversion rates ___.
A. are always changing
B. are determined by financial institutions
C. are agreed upon by two trading countries
D. vary from day to day
18. The intended audience of this passage are ___.
A. professors of economics
B. postgraduate54 students of international trade
C. beginners of business
D. business people
19. Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?
A. Export trade barriers.
B. Quotas and tariffs.
C. Reasons for imposing55 trading barriers.
D. Measures to break down trade barriers.
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. B
Directions: In this section there are five passages followed by fifteen questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answer marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the correct answer.
TEXT A
Petroleum1 products, such as gasoline, kerosene2, home heating oil, residual3 fuel oil, and lubricating oils, come from one source -- crude oil found below the earth's surface, as well as under large bodies of water, from a few hundred feet below the surface to as deep as 25,000 feet into the earth's interior. Sometimes crude oil is secured by drilling a hole through the earth, but more dry holes are drilled than those producing oil. Pressure at the source or pumping forces crude oil to the surface. Crude oil wells flow at varying rates, from ten to thousands of barrels per hour. Petroleum products are always measured in 42-gallon barrels.
Petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance: thin, thick, transparent4 or opaque5, but regardless, their chemical composition is made up of two elements: carbon and hydrogen, which form compounds called hydrocarbons7. Other chemical elements found in union with the hydrocarbons are few and are classified as impurities8. Trace elements are also found, but these are of such minute quantities that they are disregarded. The combination of carbon and hydrogen forms many thousands of compounds which are possible because of the carious positions and joinings of these two atoms in the hydrocarbon6 molecule9.
The various petroleum products are refined from the crude oil by heating and condensing the vapors10. These products are the so-called light oils, such as gasoline, kerosene, and distillate oil. The residue11 remaining after the light oils are distilled12 is known as heavy or residual fuel oil and is used mostly for burning under boilers13. Additional complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure of the hydrocarbons to produce other products, some of which are used to upgrade and increase the octane rating of various types of gasoline.
1. Which of the following is NOT true?
A. Crude oil is found below land and water.
B. Crude oil is always found a few hundred feet below the surface.
C. Pumping and pressure force crude oil to the surface.
D. A variety of petroleum products is obtained from crude oil.
2. Many thousands of hydrocarbon compounds are possible because ___.
A. the petroleum products vary greatly in physical appearance
B. complicated refining processes rearrange the chemical structure
C. the two atoms in the molecule assume many positions
D. the pressure needed to force it to the surface causes molecular14 transformation
3. Which of the following is true?
A. The various petroleum products are produced by filtration.
B. Heating and condensation15 produce the various products.
C. Chemical separation is used to produce the various products.
D. Mechanical means such as the centrifuge are used to produce the various products.
4. How is crude oil brought to the surface?
A. Expansion of the hydrocarbons.
B. Pressure and pumping.
C. Vacuum created in the drilling pipe.
D. Expansion and contraction16 of the earth's surface.
5. Which of the following is NOT listed as a light oil?
A. Distillate oil.
B. Gasoline.
C. Lubrication oil.
D. Kerosene.
TEXT B
Centuries ago, man discovered that removing moisture from food helps to preserve it, and that the easiest way to do this is to expose the food to sun and wind. In this way the North American Indians produce pemmican (dried meat ground into powder and made into cakes), the Scandinavians make stockfish and the Arabs dried dates and "apricot leather".
All foods including water -- cabbage and other leaf vegetables contains as much as 93% water, potatoes and other root vegetables 80%, lean meat 75% and fish, anything from 80% to 60%, depending on how fatty it is. If this water is removed, the activity of the bacteria which cause food to go bad is checked.
Fruit is sun-dried in Asia Minor17, Greece, Spain and other Mediterranean18 countries, and also in
California, South Africa and Australia. The methods used vary, but in general, the fruit is spread out on trays in drying yards in the hot sun. In order to prevent darkening, pears, peaches and apricots are exposed to the fumes19 of burning sulfur20 before drying. Plums, for making prunes21, and certain varieties of grapes for making raisins22 and currants, are dipped in an alkaline solution in order to crack the skins of the fruit slightly and remove their wax coating, so as to increase the rate of drying.
Nowadays most foods are dried mechanically. The conventional method of such dehydration23 is to put food in chambers25 through which hot air is blown at temperatures of about 110℃ at entry to about 43℃ at exit. This is the usual method for drying such things as vegetables, minced26 meat, and fish.
Liquids such as milk, coffee, tea, soups and eggs may be dried by pouring them over a heated steel cylinder27 by spraying them into a chamber24 through which a current of hot air passes. In the first case, the dried material is scraped off the roller as a thin film which is then broken up into small, though still relatively28 coarse flakes29. In the second process it falls to the bottom of the chamber as a fine powder. Where recognizable pieces of meat and vegetables are required, as in soup, the ingredients are dried separately and then mixed.
Dried foods take up less room and weigh less than the same food packed in cans or frozen, and they do not need to be stored in special conditions. For these reasons they are invaluable30 to the climbers, explorers and soldiers in battle, who have little storage space. They are also popular with housewives because it takes so little time to cook them. Usually it is just a case of replacing the dried-out moisture with boiling water.
6. The open-air method of drying food ___.
A. is the one most commonly used today
B. was invented by the American Indians
C. has been known for hundreds of years
D. tends to be unhygienic
7. Bacteria which cause food to go bad ___.
A. cannot live in sunlight
B. are killed by drying
C. are in no way dependent on the water content
D. have their activity greatly reduced by drying
8. Nowadays vegetables are most commonly dried ___.
A. on horizontal cylinders
B. in hot-air chambers
C. in the sun and wind
D. using the open tray method
9. Dried foods ___.
A. are often packed in cans or frozen
B. are used by soldiers and climbers
C. need more storage space than soldiers usually have available
D. are much cheaper than canned or frozen products
10. Housewives like dried foods because they ___.
A. are quick to prepare
B. taste better
C. can be preserved by boiling in water
D. look fresh and appetizing when cooked
TEXT C
Please Recycle That Bobsled Run (大雪橇滑道)
For the 1992 Winter Games, French organizers constructed a new motorway31, parking lots and runs for skiing in the Alps. Environmentalists screamed "Disaster!" Thus warned, the Norwegians have adopted "green" advice and avoided great blots33 on the landscape. The speed-skating rink was built to look like an overturned ship, and placed so as not to disturb a bird sanctuary34. Dug into a mountainside, the hockey arena35 is well concealed36 and energy efficient. The bobsled run is built out of wood not metal and hidden among trees. No wonder the president of the International Olympic Committee has called these the first "Green Games".
Lillehammer's opening ceremonies featured a giant Olympic Torch burning biogas produced by rotting vegetation. During construction, builders were threatened with '7,500 fines for felling trees unnecessarily. Rare trees were carefully transplanted from hillsides. Food is being served on potato-based plates that will be fed, in turn, to pigs. Smoking has been banned outdoors as well as in, with enforcement by polite requests.
Environmentalists have declared partial victory, though Coca-Cola's plan to decorate the town with banners has been scaled back, there are still too many billboards37 for strict green tastes. Perhaps, but after the Games, athlete housing will be converted into vacation homes or shipped to the northlands for student dormitories. Bullets will be plucked from targets and recycled to keep the lead from poisoning ground water. And these tricks won't be forgotten. Embarrassed by environmental protests, the I.O.C. claims that green awareness38 is not entrenched39 -- along with sport and culture -- as a permanent dimension of the Olympic Charter.
Indeed, Sydney was successful in becoming host for the 2000 Summer Games in part on the strength of its endorsement40 from Greenpeace. Aspiring41 host cities are picking up the code. Salt Lake City, bidding for the 2002 Games, may opt32 to use the bobsled run that Calgary built for the '00 Games. After that, who could deny that recycling is an Olympic movement?
11. Which of the following countries has not paid enough attention to the "green" issues?
A. Norway.
B. France.
C. America.
D. Australia.
12. In which area did the environmentalists fail in Lillehammer?
A. Energy.
B. Smoking.
C. Housing.
D. Advertising42.
13. Which of the following describes the I. O. C's attitude towards the environmentalists' protests?
A. Trying to commit themselves.
B. Showing indifference43 and contempt.
C. Arguing for practical difficulties.
D. Negotiating for gradual changes.
14. The 2002 Games might be held in ___.
A. Oslo
B. Calgary
C. Sydney
D. Salt Lake City
TEXT D
When companies do business overseas, they come in contact with people from different cultures. These individuals often speak a different language and have their own particular custom and manners. These differences can create problems.
For example, in France, business meetings begin promptly44 at the designated time and everyone is expected to be there. Foreign business people who are tardy45 are often left outside to cool their heels as a means of letting them know the importance of promptness. Unless one is aware of such expected behaviors he may end up insulting the people with whom he hopes to establish trade relations.
A second traditional problem is that of monetary46 conversions48. For example, if a transaction is conducted with Russia, payment may be made in rubles. Of course, this currency is of little value to the American firm. It is, therefore, necessary to convert the foreign currency to American dollars. How much are these Russian rubles worth in terms of dollars? This conversion47 rate is determined49 by every market, where the currencies of countries are bought and sold. Thus there is an established rate, although it will often fluctuate from day to day. For example, the ruble may be worth '0.75 on Monday and '0.72 on Tuesday because of an announced wheat shortage in Russia. In addition, there is the dilemma50 associated with converting at '0.72. Some financial institutions may be unwilling51 to pay this price, feeling that the ruble will sink much lower over the next week. As a result, conversion may finally come at '0.69. These "losses" must be accepted by the company as one of the costs of doing business overseas.
A third unique problem is trade barriers. For one reason or another, all countries impose trade barriers on certain goods crossing their borders. Some trade barriers are directly related to exports. For example, the United States permits strategic military material to be shipped abroad only after government permission has been obtained. Most trade barriers, however, are designed to restrict import. Two of the most common import barriers are quotas52 and tariffs53.
15. The best title for the passage would be ___.
A. How to Succeed in International Trade
B. Monetary Conversion
C. Trade Barriers
D. Unique Problems in International Trade
16. In France, tardy business people ___.
A. are often insulted
B. often suffer from coldness
C. are often left outdoors waiting
D. are often asked to polish their shoes
17. According to the passage, conversion rates ___.
A. are always changing
B. are determined by financial institutions
C. are agreed upon by two trading countries
D. vary from day to day
18. The intended audience of this passage are ___.
A. professors of economics
B. postgraduate54 students of international trade
C. beginners of business
D. business people
19. Which of the following is likely to be discussed in the next paragraph?
A. Export trade barriers.
B. Quotas and tariffs.
C. Reasons for imposing55 trading barriers.
D. Measures to break down trade barriers.
1. B
2. C
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. C
7. D
8. B
9. B
10. A
11. B
12. D
13. A
14. D
15. D
16. C
17. D
18. C
19. B
点击
收听单词发音
收听单词发音 |
1
petroleum
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| n.原油，石油 | |
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2
kerosene
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| n.(kerosine)煤油，火油 | |
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3
residual
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| adj.复播复映追加时间；存留下来的，剩余的 | |
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4
transparent
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| adj.明显的，无疑的；透明的 | |
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5
opaque
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| adj.不透光的；不反光的，不传导的；晦涩的 | |
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6
hydrocarbon
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| n.烃，碳氢化合物 | |
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7
hydrocarbons
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| n.碳氢化合物，烃( hydrocarbon的名词复数 ) | |
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8
impurities
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| 不纯( impurity的名词复数 )； 不洁； 淫秽； 杂质 | |
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9
molecule
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| n.分子，克分子 | |
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10
vapors
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| n.水汽，水蒸气，无实质之物( vapor的名词复数 )；自夸者；幻想 [药]吸入剂 [古]忧郁（症）v.自夸，（使）蒸发( vapor的第三人称单数 ) | |
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11
residue
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| n.残余，剩余，残渣 | |
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12
distilled
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| adj.由蒸馏得来的v.蒸馏( distil的过去式和过去分词 )；从…提取精华 | |
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13
boilers
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| 锅炉，烧水器，水壶( boiler的名词复数 ) | |
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14
molecular
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| adj.分子的；克分子的 | |
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15
condensation
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| n.压缩，浓缩；凝结的水珠 | |
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16
contraction
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| n.缩略词，缩写式，害病 | |
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17
minor
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| adj.较小(少)的，较次要的；n.辅修学科；vi.辅修 | |
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18
Mediterranean
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| adj.地中海的；地中海沿岸的 | |
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19
fumes
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| n.(强烈而刺激的)气味，气体 | |
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20
sulfur
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| n.硫，硫磺（=sulphur） | |
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21
prunes
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| n.西梅脯，西梅干( prune的名词复数 )v.修剪（树木等）( prune的第三人称单数 )；精简某事物，除去某事物多余的部分 | |
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22
raisins
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| n.葡萄干( raisin的名词复数 ) | |
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23
dehydration
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| n.脱水，干燥 | |
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24
chamber
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| n.房间，寝室；会议厅；议院；会所 | |
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25
chambers
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| n.房间( chamber的名词复数 )；（议会的）议院；卧室；会议厅 | |
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26
minced
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| v.切碎( mince的过去式和过去分词 )；剁碎；绞碎；用绞肉机绞（食物，尤指肉） | |
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27
cylinder
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| n.圆筒，柱(面)，汽缸 | |
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28
relatively
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| adv.比较...地，相对地 | |
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29
flakes
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| 小薄片( flake的名词复数 )； （尤指）碎片； 雪花； 古怪的人 | |
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30
invaluable
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| adj.无价的，非常宝贵的，极为贵重的 | |
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31
motorway
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| n.高速公路，快车道 | |
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32
opt
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| vi.选择，决定做某事 | |
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blots
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| 污渍( blot的名词复数 )； 墨水渍； 错事； 污点 | |
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sanctuary
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| n.圣所，圣堂，寺庙；禁猎区，保护区 | |
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arena
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| n.竞技场，运动场所；竞争场所，舞台 | |
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concealed
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| a.隐藏的，隐蔽的 | |
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billboards
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| n.广告牌( billboard的名词复数 ) | |
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awareness
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| n.意识，觉悟，懂事，明智 | |
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entrenched
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| adj.确立的，不容易改的(风俗习惯) | |
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endorsement
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| n.背书；赞成，认可，担保；签(注)，批注 | |
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aspiring
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| adj.有志气的；有抱负的；高耸的v.渴望；追求 | |
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advertising
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| n.广告业；广告活动 a.广告的；广告业务的 | |
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indifference
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| n.不感兴趣，不关心，冷淡，不在乎 | |
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promptly
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| adv.及时地，敏捷地 | |
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tardy
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| adj.缓慢的，迟缓的 | |
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monetary
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| adj.货币的，钱的；通货的；金融的；财政的 | |
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conversion
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| n.转化，转换，转变 | |
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conversions
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| 变换( conversion的名词复数 )； （宗教、信仰等）彻底改变； （尤指为居住而）改建的房屋； 橄榄球（触地得分后再把球射中球门的）附加得分 | |
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determined
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| adj.坚定的；有决心的 | |
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dilemma
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| n.困境，进退两难的局面 | |
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unwilling
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| adj.不情愿的 | |
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quotas
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| （正式限定的）定量( quota的名词复数 )； 定额； 指标； 摊派 | |
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tariffs
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| 关税制度； 关税( tariff的名词复数 )； 关税表； （旅馆或饭店等的）收费表； 量刑标准 | |
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postgraduate
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| adj.大学毕业后的，大学研究院的；n.研究生 | |
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imposing
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| adj.使人难忘的，壮丽的，堂皇的，雄伟的 | |
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