羊绒服装产业危害生物多样性

A new study by the Wildlife Conservation Society and Snow Leopard¹ Trust reveals a disturbing link between the cashmere（羊绒） trade and the decay of ecosystems² that support some of the planet's most spectacular yet little-known large mammals. The study finds that as pastoralists（牧民） expand goat herds³ to increase profits for the cashmere trade in Western markets, wildlife icons⁴ from the Tibetan Plateau to Mongolia suffer -- including endangered snow leopard, wild yak⁵, chiru（藏羚羊）, saiga（赛加羚羊）, Bactrian camel, gazelles（瞪羚）, and other remarkable⁶ but already endangered species of remote Central Asia. Ecological⁷ effects of the growth in goat herds include increasing conflicts with pastoralists, predation by dogs on wildlife, retaliatory⁸（报复的） killing⁹ of snow leopards¹⁰, and displacement¹¹ of wildlife away from critical food habitats.

 

The study appears in the August issue of the journal Conservation Biology. Authors include: Joel Berger of WCS and University of Montana, Bayarbaatar Buuveibaatar of WCS Mongolia, and Charudutt Mishra of the Snow Leopard Trust.

 

Goats from this region produce high-quality fibers¹² that, when processed into cashmere, are highly sought by western consumers. With 90 percent of the world's cashmere emanating¹³ from China and Mongolia, the vast highlands and open spaces that once were populated by wild camel and wild yak, Przewalski's horse, chiru, saiga antelope¹⁴, Tibetan gazelle, kiang, khulan, and snow leopard are increasingly dominated by domestic goats and other livestock¹⁵.

 

The study results from fieldwork in India, western China, and Mongolia and builds upon economic data including herder profits, changes in livestock numbers, and the relative abundance of wildlife.

 

"The consequences are dramatic and negative for iconic species that governments have signed legislation to protect, yet the wildlife is continually being squeezed into a no-win situation," says lead author, Joel Berger, a biologist for the Wildlife Conservation Society and professor at University of Montana. "Herders are doing what we would do -- just trying to improve their livelihoods¹⁶, and who can blame them?"

 

The purpose of the study is to raise awareness¹⁷ among western consumers about the origins of cashmere and its growing impact on wildlife. The authors suggest that the study should serve as the beginning of a dialog among the garment industry, cashmere herders, and conservationists to address and mitigate¹⁸ these impacts.

 

WCS has already begun to help tackle the problem by engaging with the Responsible Ecosystems Sourcing Platform (RESP), a public-private partnership¹⁹ initiative aimed at addressing sustainability issues from the beginning to the end of select supply chains across the fashion, cosmetics²⁰（化妆品） and jewelry²¹ industries, including cashmere.

 

"In the absence of commitment across global and local scales, the iconic wildlife of the world's highest mountains and great steppes will cease to persist as they have for millennia²². Rather than serving as symbols of success, these species will become victims of fashion," said Peter Zahler, WCS Deputy Director for Asia Programs.

 

This study was supported by the Snow Leopard Trust, Trust for Mutual Understanding, National Geographic Society, Whitley Fund for Nature, and the British Broadcasting Company Wildlife Fund

分享到：