研究人员利用超高压力制造出超级电池

The world's biggest Roman candle has got nothing on this. Using super-high pressures similar to those found deep in the Earth or on a giant planet, Washington State University researchers have created a compact, never-before-seen material capable of storing vast amounts of energy.

"If you think about it, it is the most condensed（浓缩的） form of energy storage outside of nuclear energy," says Choong-Shik Yoo, a WSU chemistry professor and lead author of results published in the journal Nature Chemistry.

The research is basic science, but Yoo says it shows it is possible to store mechanical energy into the chemical energy of a material with such strong chemical bonds. Possible future applications include creating a new class of energetic materials or fuels, an energy storage device, super-oxidizing materials for destroying chemical and biological agents, and high-temperature superconductors.

The researchers created the material on the Pullman campus in a diamond anvil¹（铁砧，砧骨） cell, a small, two-inch by three-inch-diameter device capable of producing extremely high pressures in a small space. The cell contained xenon（氙） difluoride（二氟化物） (XeF2), a white crystal used to etch（蚀刻） silicon² conductors, squeezed between two small diamond anvils³.

At normal atmospheric⁴ pressure, the material's molecules⁵ stay relatively⁶ far apart from each other. But as researchers increased the pressure inside the chamber⁷, the material became a two-dimensional graphite-like semiconductor⁸. The researchers eventually increased the pressure to more than a million atmospheres, comparable to what would be found halfway⁹ to the center of the earth. All this "squeezing," as Yoo calls it, forced the molecules to make tightly bound three-dimensional metallic¹⁰（金属的） "network structures." In the process, the huge amount of mechanical energy of compression was stored as chemical energy in the molecules' bonds.