GMAT考试RCOGWORD（十九）

Passage 19
Seeking a competitive advantage, some professional
service firms(for example, firms providing advertising,
accounting, or health care services) have considered
offering unconditional¹ guarantees of satisfaction. Such
(5) guarantees specify² what clients can expect and what the
firm will do if it fails to fulfill³ these expectations.
Particularly with first-time clients, an unconditional
guarantee can be an effective marketing⁴ tool if the
client is very cautious, the firm’s fees are high, the
(10) negative consequences of bad service are grave, or
business is difficult to obtain through referrals and
word-of-mouth.
However, an unconditional guarantee can sometimes
hinder marketing efforts. With its implication that fail-
(15) ure is possible, the guarantee may, paradoxically, cause
clients to doubt the service firm’s ability to deliver the
promised level of service. It may conflict with a firm’s
desire to appear sophisticated, or may even suggest that
a firm is begging for business. In legal and health care
(20) services, it may mislead clients by suggesting that law-
suits or medical procedures will have guaranteed out-
comes. Indeed, professional service firms with outstandin
reputations and performance to match have little to gain
from offering unconditional guarantees. And any firm
(25) that implements⁵ an unconditional guarantee without
undertaking a commensurate commitment to quality of
service is merely employing a potentially costly
marketing gimmick⁶.
 
113. The primary function of the passage as a whole is to
(A)   account for the popularity of a practice
(B)   evaluate the utility of a practice
(C)   demonstrate how to institute a practice
(D)  weigh the ethics⁷ of using a strategy (B)
(E)   explain the reasons for pursuing a strategy
 
 
114. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as circumstances in which professional service firms can benefit from offering an unconditional guarantee EXCEPT:
(A)   The firm is having difficulty retaining its clients of long standing⁸.
(B)   The firm is having difficulty getting business through client recommendations.
(C)   The firm charges substantial fees for its services.
(D)  The adverse⁹ effects of poor performance by the firm are significant for the client. (A)
(E)   The client is reluctant to incur¹⁰ risk.
 
115. Which of the following is cited in the passage as a goal of some professional service firms in offering unconditional guarantees of satisfaction?
(A)   A limit on the firm’s liability
(B)   Successful competition against other firms
(C)   Ability to justify¹¹ fee increases
(D)  Attainment¹² of an outstanding reputation in a field (B)
(E)   Improvement in the quality of the firm’s service
 
116. The passage’s description of the issue raised by unconditional guarantees for health care or legal
services most clearly implies that which of the following is true?
(A)   The legal and medical professions have standards of practice that would be violated by attempts to fulfill such unconditional guarantees.
(B)   The result of a lawsuit¹³ of medical procedure cannot necessarily be determined¹⁴ in advance by the professionals handling a client’s case.
(C)   The dignity of the legal and medical professions is undermined by any attempts at marketing of professional services, including unconditional guarantees.
(D)  Clients whose lawsuits¹⁵ or medical procedures have unsatisfactory outcomes cannot be adequately compensated¹⁷ by financial settlements alone. (B)
(E)   Predicting the monetary¹⁸ cost of legal or health care services is more difficult than predicting the monetary cost of other types of professional ervices.
 
117. Which of the following hypothetical situations best exemplifies the potential problem noted¹⁹ in the second sentence of the second paragraph (lines 14-17)?
(A)   A physician’s unconditional guarantee of satisfaction encourages patients to sue for malpractice if they are unhappy with the treatment they receive.
(B)   A lawyer’s unconditional guarantee of satisfaction makes clients suspect that the lawyer needs to find new clients quickly to increase the firm’s income.
(C)   A business consultant²⁰’s unconditional guarantee of satisfaction is undermined when the consultant fails to provide all of the services that are promised.
(D)  An architect’s unconditional guarantee of satisfaction makes clients wonder how often the architect’s buildings fail to please clients. (D)
(E)   An accountant’s unconditional guarantee of satisfaction leads clients to believe that tax returns prepared by the accountant are certain to be accurate.
 
118. The passage most clearly implies which of the following about the professional service firms mentioned in line 22?
(A)   They are unlikely to have offered unconditional guarantees of satisfaction in the past.
(B)   They are usually profitable enough to be able to compensate¹⁶ clients according to the terms of an unconditional guarantee.
(C)   They usually practice in fields in which the outcomes are predictable.
(D)  Their fees are usually more affordable²¹ than those charged by other professional service firms. (E)
(E)   Their clients are usually already satisfied with the quality of service that is delivered.