口腔生理学术语(T)

时间：2007-08-25 02:50:31

（单词翻译:单击）

Template - an outline form which can be used to make many identical copies without being used itself. Metal templates can be used placed over a piece of clothing material, which is then cut according to the shape of the template. Many pieces can be made from the same template, and they will all be the right shape for that part of the garment. Molecular¹ templates can guide the formation of crystals by providing a shape which is characteristic of, for example anapatite crystal. The role of templates in crystal formation is calledepitaxy.

Temporomandibular joint² - the joint between the condyle of the mandible and the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone. The joint is divided into an upper and lower compartment³ by a fibrous disc and surrounded by a capsule.

Tenascin - an adhesive⁴ molecule⁵ of connective tissue related to fibronectin andlaminin.

Thalamus - the major co-ordinating centre or sensory⁶ information in the brain.

Threshold - the minimum level of a signal(sound. pressure, pain) which is detectable⁷.

Thrombin - the final chain in the series of blood clotting⁸ forms fibrin from fibrinogen. Thrombin is formed from prothrombin by a prothrombin activator⁹, itself the end of a series of reactions. This cascade¹⁰ of events may begin two ways. One, is the release of tissue factors from damaged vessels¹¹. The other, is the activation¹² of factors in blood platelets which are altered by coming into contact with collagen or an artificial surface.

Thromboxanes - concerned with platelet clotting and a member of the eicosanoid family of hormones¹³.

ical - in a local area. e.g application of medication to the affected¹⁴ part only.

Trabecula-bone -a description of the radiographic appearance of spongy bone. Radiographs provide an unusual opportunity to see condensations¹⁵ within spongy bone. These condensations form lines, or beams with are orientated¹⁶ so as to give the best support to loads tending to crush or fracture the bone.( the Latin word for a wooden beam was trabes, a small beam was a trabecula)

Transcription- a process which leads to the copying of a gene¹⁷'s code, from a section of DNA¹⁸, onto a strand¹⁹ of messenger RNA and which eventually leads to the synthesis of the peptide or protein which that gene codes for.

Transforming growth factor- TGF a superfamily of cytokines secreted²⁰ by a variety of cells (monocytes, T cells, platelets, fibroblasts). The family include bone morphogenic proteins, which stimulate²¹ angiogenesis, fibroblast proliferation and inhibit²² T cell proliferation.

Tropocollagen - the precursor²³ to the collagen molecule secreted by the cell. The removal of terminal peptides on the tropocollagen allows each molecule to join end to end with another to make a collagen fibril.

Tubule - a small tube leading into a duct,or as in dentinal tubules.

Turnover²⁴ - the replacement²⁵ of cells by mitosis which keeps pace with cell loss, as in epithelia and blood cells. Also refers to the continual replacement of connective tissues like bone and fibrous tissue.

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1 molecular
adj.分子的；克分子的
参考例句：
The research will provide direct insight into molecular mechanisms.这项研究将使人能够直接地了解分子的机理。 For the pressure to become zero, molecular bombardment must cease.当压强趋近于零时，分子的碰撞就停止了。

2 joint
adj.联合的，共同的；n.关节，接合处；v.连接，贴合
参考例句：
I had a bad fall,which put my shoulder out of joint.我重重地摔了一跤，肩膀脫臼了。 We wrote a letter in joint names.我们联名写了封信。

3 compartment
n.卧车包房，隔间；分隔的空间
参考例句：
We were glad to have the whole compartment to ourselves.真高兴，整个客车隔间由我们独享。 The batteries are safely enclosed in a watertight compartment.电池被安全地置于一个防水的隔间里。

4 adhesive
n.粘合剂；adj.可粘着的，粘性的
参考例句：
You'll need a strong adhesive to mend that chair. 你需要一种粘性很强的东西来修理那把椅子。 Would you give me an adhesive stamp?请给我一枚带胶邮票好吗？

5 molecule
n.分子，克分子
参考例句：
A molecule of water is made up of two atoms of hygrogen and one atom of oxygen.一个水分子是由P妈?f婘??妈?成的。 This gives us the structural formula of the molecule.这种方式给出了分子的结构式。

6 sensory
adj.知觉的，感觉的，知觉器官的
参考例句：
Human powers of sensory discrimination are limited.人类感官分辨能力有限。 The sensory system may undergo long-term adaptation in alien environments.感觉系统对陌生的环境可能经过长时期才能适应。

7 detectable
adj.可发觉的；可查明的
参考例句：
The noise is barely detectable by the human ear.人的耳朵几乎是察觉不到这种噪音的。 The inflection point at this PH is barely detectable.在此PH值下，拐点不易发现。

8 clotting
v.凝固( clot的现在分词 )；烧结
参考例句：
The study was also based only on the one anti-clotting drug. 所用抗血栓药物也仅限于一种。来自互联网 A plasma protein that is converted into thrombin during blood clotting. 凝血原酶一种血浆蛋白质，在血液凝聚时转化成凝血''。'酵'。''''。'素'。''。来自互联网

9 activator
催化剂，触媒剂
参考例句：
In a separate archive is the official localization and universal activator. 在单独的存档是正式的本地化和普遍激活。 From a certain angle, affections are the activator to carve out successfully. 从某种角度看，爱心是创业成功的“催化剂”。

10 cascade
n.小瀑布，喷流；层叠；vi.成瀑布落下
参考例句：
She watched the magnificent waterfall cascade down the mountainside.她看着壮观的瀑布从山坡上倾泻而下。 Her hair fell over her shoulders in a cascade of curls.她的卷发像瀑布一样垂在肩上。

11 vessels
n.血管( vessel的名词复数 )；船；容器；（具有特殊品质或接受特殊品质的）人
参考例句：
The river is navigable by vessels of up to 90 tons. 90 吨以下的船只可以从这条河通过。来自《简明英汉词典》 All modern vessels of any size are fitted with radar installations. 所有现代化船只都有雷达装置。来自《现代汉英综合大词典》

12 activation
n. 激活，催化作用
参考例句：
A computer controls the activation of an air bag.电脑控制着气囊的启动。

13 hormones
n. 荷尔蒙，激素名词hormone的复数形式
参考例句：
This hormone interacts closely with other hormones in the body. 这种荷尔蒙与体內其他荷尔蒙紧密地相互作用。 The adrenals produce a large per cent of a man's sex hormones. 肾上腺分泌人体的大部分性激素。

14 affected
adj.不自然的，假装的
参考例句：
She showed an affected interest in our subject.她假装对我们的课题感到兴趣。 His manners are affected.他的态度不自然。

15 condensations
n.冷凝( condensation的名词复数 )；冷凝液；凝结的水珠；节略
参考例句：
The removal of ultrafine particles from coal combustion was investigated experimentally based on condensations vaporwet scrubber. 对洗涤塔内相变促进燃煤细颗粒凝结长大与脱除进行了实验研究。来自互联网

16 orientated
v.朝向( orientate的过去式和过去分词 )；面向；确定方向；使适应
参考例句：
He orientated himself by finding a familiar landscape. 他寻见一处熟悉的景色，从而确定自己所处的方位。来自《简明英汉词典》 They orientated the tennis court north and south. 他们把网球场定为南北向。来自辞典例句

17 gene
n.遗传因子，基因
参考例句：
A single gene may have many effects.单一基因可能具有很多种效应。 The targeting of gene therapy has been paid close attention.其中基因治疗的靶向性是值得密切关注的问题之一。

18 DNA
(缩)deoxyribonucleic acid 脱氧核糖核酸
参考例句：
DNA is stored in the nucleus of a cell.脱氧核糖核酸储存于细胞的细胞核里。 Gene mutations are alterations in the DNA code.基因突变是指DNA密码的改变。

19 strand
vt.使（船）搁浅，使（某人）困于（某地）
参考例句：
She tucked a loose strand of hair behind her ears.她把一缕散发夹到了耳后。 The climbers had been stranded by a storm.登山者被暴风雨困住了。

20 secreted
v.（尤指动物或植物器官）分泌( secrete的过去式和过去分词 )；隐匿，隐藏
参考例句：
Insulin is secreted by the pancreas. 胰岛素是胰腺分泌的。 He secreted his winnings in a drawer. 他把赢来的钱藏在抽届里。来自《简明英汉词典》

21 stimulate
vt.刺激，使兴奋；激励，使…振奋
参考例句：
Your encouragement will stimulate me to further efforts.你的鼓励会激发我进一步努力。 Success will stimulate the people for fresh efforts.成功能鼓舞人们去作新的努力。

22 inhibit
vt.阻止，妨碍，抑制
参考例句：
Don't let ego and greed inhibit clear thinking and hard work.不要让自我和贪婪妨碍清晰的思维和刻苦的工作。 They passed a law to inhibit people from parking in the street.他们通过一项法令以阻止人们在街上停车。

23 precursor
n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆
参考例句：
Error is often the precursor of what is correct.错误常常是正确的先导。 He said that the deal should not be seen as a precursor to a merger.他说该笔交易不应该被看作是合并的前兆。

24 turnover
n.人员流动率，人事变动率；营业额，成交量
参考例句：
The store greatly reduced the prices to make a quick turnover.这家商店实行大减价以迅速周转资金。 Our turnover actually increased last year.去年我们的营业额竟然增加了。

25 replacement
n.取代，替换，交换；替代品，代用品
参考例句：
We are hard put to find a replacement for our assistant.我们很难找到一个人来代替我们的助手。 They put all the students through the replacement examination.他们让所有的学生参加分班考试。