(单词翻译:单击)
Historical examples of both influential1 public officials and influential business leaders abound2. However, the power of the modern-era business leader is quite different from that of the government official. On balance, the CEO seems to be better positioned to influence the course of community and of nations.
Admittedly the opportunities for the legislator to regulate commerce or of the Jurist to dictate3 rules of equity4 are official and immediate5. No private individual can hold that brand of influence. Yet official power is tempered by our check-and-balance system of government and, in the case of legislators, by the voting power of the electorate6. Our business leaders are not so constrained7, so their opportunities far exceed those of any public official. Moreover, powerful business leaders all too often seem to hold de facto(actual) legislative8 and judicial9 power by way of their direct influence over public officials, as the Clinton Administration's fund-raising scandal of 1997 illuminated10 all too well.
The industrial and technological11 eras have bred such moguls of capitalism12 as Pullman, Rockefeller, Carnegie, and Gates, who by the nature of their industries and their business savvy13, not by force of law, have transformed our economy, the nature of work, and our very day-to-day existence. Of course, many modem14-day public servants have made the most of their opportunities, for example, the crime-busting mayor Rudolph Giuliani and the new-dealing President Franklin Roosevelt. Yet their impact seems to pale next to those of our modem captains of industry.
In sum, modem business leaders by virtue15 of the far-reaching impact of their industries and of their freedom from external constraints16, have supplanted17 lawmakers as the great opportunists of the world and prime movers of society。
1
influential
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adj.有影响的,有权势的 | |
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2
abound
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vi.大量存在;(in,with)充满,富于 | |
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dictate
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v.口授;(使)听写;指令,指示,命令 | |
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4
equity
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n.公正,公平,(无固定利息的)股票 | |
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immediate
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adj.立即的;直接的,最接近的;紧靠的 | |
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electorate
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n.全体选民;选区 | |
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constrained
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adj.束缚的,节制的 | |
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8
legislative
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n.立法机构,立法权;adj.立法的,有立法权的 | |
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judicial
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adj.司法的,法庭的,审判的,明断的,公正的 | |
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10
illuminated
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adj.被照明的;受启迪的 | |
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technological
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adj.技术的;工艺的 | |
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capitalism
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n.资本主义 | |
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savvy
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v.知道,了解;n.理解能力,机智,悟性;adj.有见识的,懂实际知识的,通情达理的 | |
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14
modem
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n.调制解调器 | |
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15
virtue
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n.德行,美德;贞操;优点;功效,效力 | |
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16
constraints
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强制( constraint的名词复数 ); 限制; 约束 | |
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17
supplanted
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把…排挤掉,取代( supplant的过去式和过去分词 ) | |
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