LSAT逻辑题分析:理解原文

时间：2007-05-18 02:47:31

（单词翻译:单击）

Conservative: Socialists2 begin their arguments with an analysis of history, from which they claim to derive3 certain trends leading inevitably4 to a socialist1 future. But in the day-to-day progress of history there are never such discernible trends. Only in retrospect5 does inevitability6 appear, for history occurs through accident, contingency7, and individual struggle.
Socialist: If we thought the outcome of history were inevitable8, we would not work so hard to transform the institutions of capitalist society. But to transform them we must first understand them, and we can only understand them by an analysis of their history. This is why historical analysis is important in socialist argument.
12. The socialist’s statements imply a conflict with the conservative’s view of history if the conservative also holds that
(A) it would have been impossible for anyone to predict a significant period beforehand that the institutions of capitalist society would take the form that they actually took
(B) the apparent inevitability of historical change is deceptive9; all historical events could have occurred otherwise than they actually did
(C) in the past, radical10 changes in social structures have mostly resulted in a deterioration11 of social conditions
(D) since socialism cannot arise by accident or contingency, it can only arise as a result of individual struggle
(E) because historical changes are mostly accidental, it is impossible for people to direct their efforts sensibly toward achieving large-scale changes in social conditions
这个题目如何分辨选项,然后抛弃不正确的选项.答案是E
M: 此题关键在于理解原文的意思. conservative认为历史是不可预见的, 因为充满了accident等,所以analysis无用. 而socialist认为历史是不可预见的,所以要transform,通过对了解历史事件对的影响,可以改变历史. 这里你可以看到一个分歧, 就是S认为accident等也是历史时间的一部分,通过对它们的了解可以用于改变和创造历史, 而C认为accident本身造成无法analysis. 所以E对
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1 socialist jwcws     
n.社会主义者；adj.社会主义的
参考例句：
  • China is a socialist country,and a developing country as well.中国是一个社会主义国家，也是一个发展中国家。
  • His father was an ardent socialist.他父亲是一个热情的社会主义者。
2 socialists df381365b9fb326ee141e1afbdbf6e6c     
社会主义者( socialist的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • The socialists saw themselves as true heirs of the Enlightenment. 社会主义者认为自己是启蒙运动的真正继承者。
  • The Socialists junked dogma when they came to office in 1982. 社会党人1982年上台执政后，就把其政治信条弃之不顾。
3 derive hmLzH     
v.取得；导出；引申；来自；源自；出自
参考例句：
  • We derive our sustenance from the land.我们从土地获取食物。
  • We shall derive much benefit from reading good novels.我们将从优秀小说中获得很大好处。
4 inevitably x7axc     
adv.不可避免地；必然发生地
参考例句：
  • In the way you go on,you are inevitably coming apart.照你们这样下去，毫无疑问是会散伙的。
  • Technological changes will inevitably lead to unemployment.技术变革必然会导致失业。
5 retrospect xDeys     
n.回顾，追溯；v.回顾，回想，追溯
参考例句：
  • One's school life seems happier in retrospect than in reality.学校生活回忆起来显得比实际上要快乐。
  • In retrospect,it's easy to see why we were wrong.回顾过去就很容易明白我们的错处了。
6 inevitability c7Pxd     
n.必然性
参考例句：
  • Evolutionism is normally associated with a belief in the inevitability of progress. 进化主义通常和一种相信进步不可避免的看法相联系。
  • It is the tide of the times, an inevitability of history. 这是时代的潮流，历史的必然。
7 contingency vaGyi     
n.意外事件，可能性
参考例句：
  • We should be prepared for any contingency.我们应该对任何应急情况有所准备。
  • A fire in our warehouse was a contingency that we had not expected.库房的一场大火是我们始料未及的。
8 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的，必然发生的
参考例句：
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
9 deceptive CnMzO     
adj.骗人的，造成假象的，靠不住的
参考例句：
  • His appearance was deceptive.他的外表带有欺骗性。
  • The storyline is deceptively simple.故事情节看似简单，其实不然。
10 radical hA8zu     
n.激进份子，原子团，根号；adj.根本的，激进的，彻底的
参考例句：
  • The patient got a radical cure in the hospital.病人在医院得到了根治。
  • She is radical in her demands.她的要求十分偏激。
11 deterioration yvvxj     
n.退化；恶化；变坏
参考例句：
  • Mental and physical deterioration both occur naturally with age. 随着年龄的增长，心智和体力自然衰退。
  • The car's bodywork was already showing signs of deterioration. 这辆车的车身已经显示出了劣化迹象。

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