中美两国应对挑战的处理方式截然不同

时间：2022-01-21 08:11:03

（单词翻译:单击）

在这个动荡的时代，合作和善治是克服新冠大流行和气候变化等复杂的全球性新挑战的关键。面对这些挑战，中国和美国这两个世界上最大的经济体在履行其全球责任时采取截然不同的方式。中国与全球化研究中心高级研究员哈维·佐丁表示，在应对各自面临的挑战时，中美两国的处理方式截然不同，这是一个关于两种治理体系的故事——一个成功，另一个艰难挣扎。
 
The world has been living (and dying) with COVID-19 for the past two years, but it feels like an eternity1. Yet despite the uncertainties2 ahead, the contrasting ways China and the United States have handled their respective challenges are a tale of two governing systems－one successful and the other struggling.
过去两年，新冠病毒一直与人类共存，有人因此失去生命，但疫情似乎没完没了。尽管未来存在不确定性，但在应对各自面临的挑战时，中美两国的处理方式截然不同，这是一个关于两种治理体系的故事——一个成功，另一个艰难挣扎。
 
Their differences notwithstanding, it's now critical that the two countries work together where their respective national interests overlap3 bilaterally4 and through the rules-based international order. Our lives and our very existence depend upon it.
尽管中美存在分歧，但现在至关重要的是两国在国家利益重叠的方面，通过双边和基于规则的国际秩序进行合作。我们的生活和生存都取决于此。
 
When I think about this tale of two systems, I am drawn5 to the memorable6 opening of A Tale of Two Cities: "It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness." Which perfectly7 encapsulates the contrasting models.
当我想到这个故事时，我回想起《双城记》里令人难忘的开头，“这是一个最好的时代，也是一个最坏的时代；这是一个智慧的年代，这是一个愚蠢的年代”，这句话完美地概括了两种截然不同的模式。
 
Of course, there have been missteps on both sides as is inevitable8 in a mega-pandemic situation. However, one side quickly activated9 its whole of government approach to address and contain the crisis . The other side, with then US president Donald Trump10 in command, went in a totally different direction: denial and obfuscation11. One leader put his people first, the other put himself first.
当然，双方都有失误，这在全球性大流行病面前是不可避免的。然而，一方整个政府迅速采取行动，解决和遏制危机。另一方在时任美国总统唐纳德·特朗普的指挥下，走向了完全不同的方向：否认和混淆视听。
 
Trump's mantra was and remains12 "America first". Thanks to him, when it comes to COVID-19, the US was, and is, first in the number of infections and deaths.
特朗普过去和现在的口号仍然是“美国至上”。多亏了他，新冠疫情暴发后，美国是感染者和死亡人数最多的国家。
 
According to worldometers.info, the US has recorded more than 65 million cases and nearly 900,000 deaths, while China, with four times the population of the US, has an accumulated 135,000 cases and about 5,700 deaths.
根据“世界实时数据统计”网站，美国登记在册的确诊病例数超过6500万，死亡病例近90万。而中国人口是美国人口的4倍，中国累计确诊病例135000例，死亡约5700人。
 
Notably13, the next country in number of cases to the US is China's neighbor, India, with its population similar to China's but with 270 times the number of cases and 85 times the number of deaths. India, like the US, seems to value politics over human lives.
值得注意的是，确诊病例数量仅次于美国的国家是中国的邻国印度，其人口与中国相似，但确诊数是中国的270倍，死亡人数是中国的85倍。印度和美国一样，似乎更重视政治而非人命。
 
Why such a disparity? The night and day difference arises from divergent governance models. Those who have no experience of China may be skeptical14 of China's whole-process democracy but my observation－as one living in China－is that the statistics speak for themselves.
为什么会出现如此大的差距？鲜明的对比来自于不同的治理模式。那些没来过中国的人可能会对中国的全过程民主持怀疑态度，但作为一个生活在中国的人，据我观察，统计数据就是很好的说明。
 
The results are not accidental. In China, leaders are carefully promoted, according to their performance and achievements, to increasing levels of responsibility. Starting from the smallest village, cadres who cannot cut it, don't advance. The Peter principle of being promoted beyond competence15 doesn't exist in the Communist Party of China's model. Instead, at every stage, advancement16 is based on results.
这些结果不是偶然的。在中国，领导者凭借他们的表现和成绩得到慎重提拔。从最小的村庄开始，不能胜任的干部就不会晋升。在中国共产党的模式中，不存在不能胜任的人被提拔的“彼得原理”。相反，在每个阶段，晋升都是基于成就。
 
By contrast, the US political system is broken. Trump may have been the last straw that broke the camel's back but the system has long been flawed. When I was in government more than four decades ago, the divisions were there and growing, but leaders from both parties worked together for the good of the country. Now, this rarely happens.
相比之下，美国的政治制度已经崩溃。特朗普可能是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草，但这个系统长期以来一直存在缺陷。四十多年前我在美国政府工作时，两党分歧已经存在，而且越来越大，但两党领袖为了国家利益还能合作。现在，这种情况很少发生。
 
The United States today is split right down the middle and most of the two parties' energy is wasted on neutralizing17 the other side. Trump supporters storming the Capitol was the inevitable result.
今天的美国正处于分裂状态，两党的大部分精力都浪费在了否决另一方上。特朗普的支持者冲进国会大厦是不可避免的结果。
 
With this legacy18, an effective COVID-19 response still eludes19 the US despite President Joe Biden's best efforts. He faces continued opposition20 to mandates21 and scientifically-dictated measures such as requiring vaccinations22 or workplace testing.
在这些遗留问题下，尽管乔·拜登总统尽了最大努力，但美国仍然没能采取有效防疫措施。他的疫苗接种令、工作场所核酸检测等强制命令和科学措施都遭到持续反对。
 
It appears from the oral arguments before the US Supreme23 Court on Jan 7 that Biden's initiatives will be thwarted－and COVID-19 fatalities24, many preventable, could cross 1 million.
从1月7日美国最高法院的口头辩论来看，拜登的倡议将会受阻，新冠肺炎死亡病例可能会超过100万（其中许多本可以避免）。
 
Science in US has been politicized
科学在美国已经政治化
 
Science in the US has become politicized and weaponized. The mantra "follow the science" has been replaced by "follow the money". More and more, the American model serves the top 1 percent, which is the polar opposite of China's development philosophy of "common prosperity".
科学在美国已经变成政治工具。“追随科学”的口号已被“追随金钱”取代。美国模式越来越多地服务于最顶层的百分之一，这与中国“共同富裕”的发展理念截然相反。
 
Many see China's zero-tolerance infection policy as draconian25, but the results speak for themselves. In public policy, there are rarely right answers, only least bad ones. Most countries faced with killing26 their economies or killing their people opted27 for the former at the expense of the latter. China was the exception.
许多人认为中国的零容忍感染政策过于严苛，但结果说明一切。公共政策很少有标准答案，只有坏处最少的答案。大多数国家在面对牺牲经济还是牺牲人民的问题时都会选择前者，牺牲后者。中国是个例外。
 
But China found the elusive28 sweet spot with a small number of deaths but an annual real GDP growth of 2.3 percent in 2020, compared with the US which saw many more deaths and registered a yearly growth of-3.5 percent.
但中国找到了一个很难实现的平衡点，中国的新冠肺炎死亡病例很少，但2020年的年实际GDP增长率为2.3%，而美国死亡人数更多，GDP年增长率为负3.5%。
 
As such, there is no need for China to quickly change its policy, First, had China relaxed its measures and the infections reached the global average level, the country would have more than 47 million people infected and 950,000 dead, according to China's top epidemiologist Wu Zunyou.
因此，中国没有必要迅速改变当前政策。首先，据中国疾控中心流行病学首席专家吴尊友称，如果中国放松防疫措施，感染率达到全球平均水平，中国将有超过4700万人感染，95万人死亡。
 
Second, China is on track to develop new vaccines29, which can better protect against the novel coronavirus and new variants30.
其次，中国正在研发新疫苗，可以更好地预防新冠病毒及其新变异毒株。
 
Third, pathogens do not observe national borders and until most of the people in the world are vaccinated31, mutant strains, some even more lethal32, will keep emerging and infecting more and more people.
第三，病原体不受国界限制，在世界上大多数人接种疫苗之前，突变株（有些甚至更致命）将不断出现并感染越来越多的人。
 
In fact, some scientists say the novel coronavirus is mild compared with what could come next. For example, the Nipah virus that recently broke out in India, although not nearly as transmissible, has a 50-75 percent mortality rate and no cure. There is a need therefore to look beyond COVID-19 and national borders to prevent future pandemics.
事实上，一些科学家表示，与未来可能出现的病毒相比，新冠病毒可能是温和的。例如，最近在印度暴发的尼帕病毒，虽然不易传播，但致死率为50-75%，而且无法治愈。因此，有必要以超越新冠病毒和国界的眼光来预防未来的流行病。
 
The World Health Organization is the global coordinator33 for public health but it is vastly underfunded.
世界卫生组织是全球公共卫生协调员，但资金严重不足。
 
There is a hope-raising precedent34 for cooperation, though. Smallpox35, which killed more than 300 million people in the 20th century alone, was eradicated36 at the height of the Cold War because of US-Soviet Union cooperation.
不过，历史上出现过让人充满希望的合作先例。由于美国和苏联的合作，仅在20世纪就造成3亿多人死亡的天花在冷战高峰期被根除。
 
I can't for the life of me figure out why the US and China don't do the same to contain COVID-19, especially because they are capable of providing the leadership to pull this off, saving lives, rescuing economies and building mutual37 confidence again.
我怎么也想不明白，为什么美国和中国不采取同样的措施来遏制疫情，尤其是因为他们有能力发挥领导作用，终结疫情，拯救生命，拯救经济，重建互信。
 
Recent developments have made me pessimistic, but I am optimistic that such necessary cooperation would be possible if only one side shows the courage to take the first step.
最近的事态发展使我感到悲观，但我乐观地认为，只要一方拿出勇气迈出第一步，这种必要的合作是可能的。

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1 eternity Aiwz7     
n.不朽，来世；永恒，无穷
参考例句：
  • The dull play seemed to last an eternity.这场乏味的剧似乎演个没完没了。
  • Finally,Ying Tai and Shan Bo could be together for all of eternity.英台和山伯终能双宿双飞，永世相随。
2 uncertainties 40ee42d4a978cba8d720415c7afff06a     
无把握( uncertainty的名词复数 )； 不确定； 变化不定； 无把握、不确定的事物
参考例句：
  • One of the uncertainties of military duty is that you never know when you might suddenly get posted away. 任军职不稳定的因素之一是你永远不知道什么时候会突然被派往它处。
  • Uncertainties affecting peace and development are on the rise. 影响和平与发展的不确定因素在增加。 来自汉英非文学 - 十六大报告
3 overlap tKixw     
v.重叠，与…交叠；n.重叠
参考例句：
  • The overlap between the jacket and the trousers is not good.夹克和裤子重叠的部分不好看。
  • Tiles overlap each other.屋瓦相互叠盖。
4 bilaterally 9bda0a654e54a2ba262d5bd3ebbe320d     
[医]adv.两侧，双向地
参考例句：
  • The data in the Performance Test shall be Bilaterally recorded and confirmed. 在生产线考核期间的数据应由双方共同记录并确认。
  • Anatomic constraints may preclude the insertion a transarticular screw unilaterally or bilaterally. 解剖制约可能妨碍单边或双边插入关节螺钉。
5 drawn MuXzIi     
v.拖，拉，拔出；adj.憔悴的，紧张的
参考例句：
  • All the characters in the story are drawn from life.故事中的所有人物都取材于生活。
  • Her gaze was drawn irresistibly to the scene outside.她的目光禁不住被外面的风景所吸引。
6 memorable K2XyQ     
adj.值得回忆的，难忘的，特别的，显著的
参考例句：
  • This was indeed the most memorable day of my life.这的确是我一生中最值得怀念的日子。
  • The veteran soldier has fought many memorable battles.这个老兵参加过许多难忘的战斗。
7 perfectly 8Mzxb     
adv.完美地，无可非议地，彻底地
参考例句：
  • The witnesses were each perfectly certain of what they said.证人们个个对自己所说的话十分肯定。
  • Everything that we're doing is all perfectly above board.我们做的每件事情都是光明正大的。
8 inevitable 5xcyq     
adj.不可避免的，必然发生的
参考例句：
  • Mary was wearing her inevitable large hat.玛丽戴着她总是戴的那顶大帽子。
  • The defeat had inevitable consequences for British policy.战败对英国政策不可避免地产生了影响。
9 activated c3905c37f4127686d512a7665206852e     
adj. 激活的 动词activate的过去式和过去分词
参考例句：
  • The canister is filled with activated charcoal.蒸气回收罐中充满了活性炭。
10 trump LU1zK     
n.王牌，法宝；v.打出王牌，吹喇叭
参考例句：
  • He was never able to trump up the courage to have a showdown.他始终鼓不起勇气摊牌。
  • The coach saved his star player for a trump card.教练保留他的明星选手，作为他的王牌。
11 obfuscation 953275815f9fc91f91858af7e526cdea     
n.昏迷，困惑；发暗
参考例句：
  • Only pedants believe in the advantage of obfuscation. 只有书呆子才相信使人困惑会有好处。 来自辞典例句
  • An automated way to get shorter names is to use obfuscation tools. 自动获取短名字的办法就是使用混淆工具。 来自互联网
12 remains 1kMzTy     
n.剩余物，残留物；遗体，遗迹
参考例句：
  • He ate the remains of food hungrily.他狼吞虎咽地吃剩余的食物。
  • The remains of the meal were fed to the dog.残羹剩饭喂狗了。
13 notably 1HEx9     
adv.值得注意地，显著地，尤其地，特别地
参考例句：
  • Many students were absent,notably the monitor.许多学生缺席，特别是连班长也没来。
  • A notably short,silver-haired man,he plays basketball with his staff several times a week.他个子明显较为矮小，一头银发，每周都会和他的员工一起打几次篮球。
14 skeptical MxHwn     
adj.怀疑的，多疑的
参考例句：
  • Others here are more skeptical about the chances for justice being done.这里的其他人更为怀疑正义能否得到伸张。
  • Her look was skeptical and resigned.她的表情是将信将疑而又无可奈何。
15 competence NXGzV     
n.能力，胜任，称职
参考例句：
  • This mess is a poor reflection on his competence.这种混乱情况说明他难当此任。
  • These are matters within the competence of the court.这些是法院权限以内的事。
16 advancement tzgziL     
n.前进，促进，提升
参考例句：
  • His new contribution to the advancement of physiology was well appreciated.他对生理学发展的新贡献获得高度赞赏。
  • The aim of a university should be the advancement of learning.大学的目标应是促进学术。
17 neutralizing 1f9a9888520b7110fb38e89e7840b0f5     
v.使失效( neutralize的现在分词 )；抵消；中和；使（一个国家）中立化
参考例句：
  • This juice-about a quart a day--pours into my duodenum, neutralizing acids. 这种消化液（每天约分泌1品脱）流入我的十二指肠，把酸中和了。 来自辞典例句
  • AIM: To verify the role of a synthetic peptide in neutralizing endotoxins. 目的：检验一条合成肽在中和内毒素活性方面的作用。 来自互联网
18 legacy 59YzD     
n.遗产，遗赠；先人(或过去)留下的东西
参考例句：
  • They are the most precious cultural legacy our forefathers left.它们是我们祖先留下来的最宝贵的文化遗产。
  • He thinks the legacy is a gift from the Gods.他认为这笔遗产是天赐之物。
19 eludes 493c2abd8bd3082d879dba5916662c90     
v.（尤指机敏地）避开( elude的第三人称单数 )；逃避；躲避；使达不到
参考例句：
  • His name eludes me for the moment. 他的名字我一时想不起来了。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • But philosophers seek a special sort of knowledge that eludes exact definition. 但是，哲学家所追求的是一种难以精确定义的特殊知识。 来自哲学部分
20 opposition eIUxU     
n.反对，敌对
参考例句：
  • The party leader is facing opposition in his own backyard.该党领袖在自己的党內遇到了反对。
  • The police tried to break down the prisoner's opposition.警察设法制住了那个囚犯的反抗。
21 mandates 2acac1276dba74275e1c7c1a20146ad9     
托管（mandate的第三人称单数形式）
参考例句：
  • Individual mandates would require all people to purchase health insurance. 个人托管要求所有人都要购买健康保险。
  • While I agree with those benefits, I'm not a supporter of mandates. 我同意上述好处，我不是授权软件的支持者。
22 vaccinations ed61d339e2970fa63aee4b5ce757cc44     
n.种痘，接种( vaccination的名词复数 )；牛痘疤
参考例句：
  • Vaccinations ensure one against diseases. 接种疫苗可以预防疾病。 来自《简明英汉词典》
  • I read some publicity about vaccinations while waiting my turn at the doctor's. 在医生那儿候诊时，我读了一些关于接种疫苗的宣传。 来自《简明英汉词典》
23 supreme PHqzc     
adj.极度的，最重要的；至高的，最高的
参考例句：
  • It was the supreme moment in his life.那是他一生中最重要的时刻。
  • He handed up the indictment to the supreme court.他把起诉书送交最高法院。
24 fatalities d08638a004766194f5b8910963af71d4     
n.恶性事故( fatality的名词复数 )；死亡；致命性；命运
参考例句：
  • Several people were injured, but there were no fatalities. 有几个人受伤，但没有人死亡。
  • The accident resulted in fatalities. 那宗意外道致多人死亡。 来自《简明英汉词典》
25 draconian Skvzd     
adj.严苛的；苛刻的；严酷的；龙一样的
参考例句：
  • You can't expect the people to obey such draconian regulations.你不能指望人民服从如此严苛的规定。
  • The city needs a draconian way of dealing with robbers.这个城市需要一个严苛的办法来对付强盗。
26 killing kpBziQ     
n.巨额利润；突然赚大钱，发大财
参考例句：
  • Investors are set to make a killing from the sell-off.投资者准备清仓以便大赚一笔。
  • Last week my brother made a killing on Wall Street.上个周我兄弟在华尔街赚了一大笔。
27 opted 9ec34da056d6601471a0808ebc89b126     
v.选择，挑选( opt的过去式和过去分词 )
参考例句：
  • She was co-opted onto the board. 她获增选为董事会成员。
  • After graduating she opted for a career in music. 毕业后她选择了从事音乐工作。
28 elusive d8vyH     
adj.难以表达(捉摸)的；令人困惑的；逃避的
参考例句：
  • Try to catch the elusive charm of the original in translation.翻译时设法把握住原文中难以捉摸的风韵。
  • Interpol have searched all the corners of the earth for the elusive hijackers.国际刑警组织已在世界各地搜查在逃的飞机劫持者。
29 vaccines c9bb57973a82c1e95c7cd0f4988a1ded     
疫苗，痘苗( vaccine的名词复数 )
参考例句：
  • His team are at the forefront of scientific research into vaccines. 他的小组处于疫苗科研的最前沿。
  • The vaccines were kept cool in refrigerators. 疫苗放在冰箱中冷藏。
30 variants 796e0e5ff8114b13b2e23cde9d3c6904     
n.变体( variant的名词复数 )；变种；变型；（词等的）变体
参考例句：
  • Those variants will be preserved in the'struggle for existence". 这些变异将在“生存竞争”中被保留下来。 来自辞典例句
  • Like organisms, viruses have variants, generally called strains. 与其他生物一样，病毒也有变种，一般称之为株系。 来自辞典例句
31 vaccinated 8f16717462e6e6db3389d0f736409983     
[医]已接种的，种痘的，接种过疫菌的
参考例句：
  • I was vaccinated against tetanus. 我接种了破伤风疫苗。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child? 你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？
32 lethal D3LyB     
adj.致死的；毁灭性的
参考例句：
  • A hammer can be a lethal weapon.铁锤可以是致命的武器。
  • She took a lethal amount of poison and died.她服了致命剂量的毒药死了。
33 coordinator Gvazk6     
n.协调人
参考例句：
  • The UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, headed by the Emergency Relief Coordinator, coordinates all UN emergency relief. 联合国人道主义事务协调厅在紧急救济协调员领导下，负责协调联合国的所有紧急救济工作。
  • How am I supposed to find the client-relations coordinator? 我怎么才能找到客户关系协调员的办公室？
34 precedent sSlz6     
n.先例，前例；惯例；adj.在前的，在先的
参考例句：
  • Is there a precedent for what you want me to do?你要我做的事有前例可援吗？
  • This is a wonderful achievement without precedent in Chinese history.这是中国历史上亘古未有的奇绩。
35 smallpox 9iNzJw     
n.天花
参考例句：
  • In 1742 he suffered a fatal attack of smallpox.1742年，他染上了致命的天花。
  • Were you vaccinated against smallpox as a child?你小时候打过天花疫苗吗？
36 eradicated 527fe74fc13c68501cfd202231063f4a     
画着根的
参考例句：
  • Polio has been virtually eradicated in Brazil. 在巴西脊髓灰质炎实际上已经根除。
  • The disease has been eradicated from the world. 这种疾病已在全世界得到根除。
37 mutual eFOxC     
adj.相互的，彼此的；共同的，共有的
参考例句：
  • We must pull together for mutual interest.我们必须为相互的利益而通力合作。
  • Mutual interests tied us together.相互的利害关系把我们联系在一起。

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