星际空间中探测到手性分子

Like a pair of human hands, certain organic molecules² have mirror-image versions of themselves, a chemical property known as chirality. These so-called "handed" molecules are essential for biology and have intriguingly³ been found in meteorites⁴ on Earth and comets in our Solar System. None, however, has been detected in the vast reaches of interstellar space, until now. A team of scientists using highly sensitive radio telescopes has discovered the first complex organic chiral molecule¹ in interstellar space. The molecule, propylene oxide⁵ (CH3CHOCH2), was found near the center of our Galaxy⁶ in an enormous star-forming cloud of dust and gas known as Sagittarius B2 (Sgr B2).

 

The research was undertaken primarily with the National Science Foundation's Green Bank Telescope (GBT) in West Virginia as part of the Prebiotic Interstellar Molecular⁷ Survey. Additional supporting observations were taken with the Parkes radio telescope in Australia.

 

"This is the first molecule detected in interstellar space that has the property of chirality, making it a pioneering leap forward in our understanding of how prebiotic molecules are made in the Universe and the effects they may have on the origins of life," said Brett McGuire, a chemist and Jansky Postdoctoral Fellow with the National Radio Astronomy Observatory⁸ (NRAO) in Charlottesville, Virginia. 

 

"Propylene oxide is among the most complex and structurally⁹ intricate molecules detected so far in space," said Brandon Carroll, a chemistry graduate student at the California Institute of Technology in Pasadena. "Detecting this molecule opens the door for further experiments determining how and where molecular handedness emerges and why one form may be slightly more abundant than the other."

 

McGuire and Carroll share first authorship on a paper published today in the journal Science. They also are presenting their results at the American Astronomical¹⁰ Society meeting in San Diego, California.

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