2008年职称英语考试珍藏句型分析宝典(十五)b
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(单词翻译:双击或拖选)

I have written a letter.
  結構︰主詞+have(has)+過去分詞+…。
  說明︰<現在完成式>用於表示“過去某時”發生的事情,“直到現在”才完成,或“繼續到現在”,或其結果“影響到現在”,它的肯定式由“have(has)+過去<分詞>”構成,其中 have或 has 是<助動詞>,當<主詞>是第三人稱單數(he,she,it…)時,用 has,其餘人稱用 have。
  I have written a letter. 我已經寫了一封信。
  Mary has studied English for three years. 瑪麗研讀英語已有三年。
  He has liked dogs since he was a child. 自從他是小孩時,他就喜歡狗。
  ... is ...ed by ...
  結構︰主詞+be 動詞+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
  說明︰將主動句改為被動句時,先將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句的<受詞>,再將主動句的<及物動詞>改成“be+過去分詞”,且須注意 be <動詞>的時式要與主動句的<及物動詞>時式相同,最後將主動句的<主詞>變成被動句 by 的<受詞>。
  The news is widely spread by them. 這一消息被他們廣為傳播。
  Vegetables are needed every day by us. 蔬菜每天被我們所需要。
  This letter was typed by Alice this morning. 這封信在今早被愛麗絲用打字機打過了。

  will be V-ed by ...
  結構︰主詞+will be+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
  說明︰將現在式被動句的 be <動詞>(am,is,are)改為 will be,是構成未來式被動句的一種方法。
  That book will be brought by Mary tomorrow. 那本書明天將被瑪麗帶來。
  That car will be washed this afternoon. 那部汽車今天下午將會被洗。
  The building will be opened next month. 那棟大樓下個月將營業。
  be going to be V-ed by
  結構︰主詞+be going to+be+過去分詞+by+受詞…。
  說明︰在現在式被動句的 be <動詞>(am,is,are)後加 going to be,是構成未來式被動句的另一種方法。
  These clothes are going to be washed by her. 這些衣服將由她來洗。
  A birthday cake is going to be brought to the table by the cook.
  一只生日蛋糕將被廚師放到桌子上。
  Music is going to be taught by Miss Lin. 音樂課將由林小姐來教。
  can(not) be V-ed by ...
  結構︰主詞+can(not)be +過去分詞+by+受詞…。
  說明︰將主動句中的<助動詞>(can,must…)照抄,後面加上 be+過去<分詞>,即構成含有<助動詞>的被動句。
  That lesson can not be understood by many students. 那一課無法為許多學生所理解。
  The question can not be answered by many people. 這一問題無法被許多人回答。
  His poor handwriting can not be read by himself. 他糟糕的筆跡無法被他本人所辨認。
  ... V + V-ing ...
  結構︰主詞+動詞+補語(現在分詞)
  說明︰英文中,若兩個<動詞>在一起而無<連接詞>加以連接,所表示的動作又是同時發生的,則第二個<動詞>要變成現在<分詞>;若第二個<動詞>是be<動詞>時,應變成現在<分詞> being,但 being通常予以省略。
  We sat listening to the sound of the waves. 我們坐著傾聽海浪的聲音。
  The dog lay dozing1 in front of the door. 小狗躺在門前打盹兒。
  She stood there (being) motionless2. 她站在那兒,一動也不動。
  He quickly ran home, looking as if there was something wrong with him.
  他快步跑回家,看上去好像有什麼事不對勁。
  I stand looking over the lake. 我站著展望湖面。
  Some leaves went flying into my room. 幾片葉子飛著進入我的房間。
  ... V-ing/V-ed + N ...
  結構︰…現在分詞/過去分詞+名詞(或名詞+現在分詞/過去分詞)
  說明︰這是<分詞>做<名詞>之修飾語的用法,該<分詞>修飾其前或後緊臨之<名詞>;<名詞>之前有其他單字或<片語>跟隨時,<分詞>通常放在<名詞>後面。
  The shouting boy did not hear his mother call him. 大聲叫嚷的孩子聽不到媽媽的叫喚。
  The girl standing3 in the front row is my niece. 站在前排的少女是我的姪女。
  There were no printed books in those days. 當時沒有印刷的書籍。
  This is a play written by an American author. 這是美國作家寫的劇本。
  The prisoners4 closely5 guarded escaped from the prison last night.
  被嚴密監視的這些囚犯昨夜越獄了。
  I looked painfully at the vase6 broken into pieces. 我痛苦地看著這個破得粉碎的花瓶。
  It is difficult to shoot a flying bird, especially a small bird flying high up in the sky.
  要射中飛行中的小鳥,尤其是高空飛行的小鳥,非常困難。
  Soon we came to a crowded street, a very wide street crowded with allsorts of vehicles7.
  我們很快就來到一條很寬、很吵雜,各種車輛來往行駛的大馬路上。



点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 dozing dozing     
v.打瞌睡,假寐 n.瞌睡
参考例句:
  • The economy shows no signs of faltering. 经济没有衰退的迹象。
  • He never falters in his determination. 他的决心从不动摇。
2 motionless tnnzi2     
adj.一动不动的
参考例句:
  • She stood absolutely motionless.她纹丝不动地站在那里。
  • A silent movie doesn't mean it is motionless.无声电影并非没有动作。
3 standing 2hCzgo     
n.持续,地位;adj.永久的,不动的,直立的,不流动的
参考例句:
  • After the earthquake only a few houses were left standing.地震过后只有几幢房屋还立着。
  • They're standing out against any change in the law.他们坚决反对对法律做任何修改。
4 prisoners 2ec5eeda1990a2d4deacaf8f947bedbc     
n.囚徒( prisoner的名词复数 );俘虏;被夺去自由的人[动物]等
参考例句:
  • The president granted a general amnesty for all political prisoners. 总统大赦了所有的政治犯。
  • The prisoners were living in appalling conditions. 囚犯的居住条件极为恶劣。
5 closely XwNzIh     
adv.紧密地;严密地,密切地
参考例句:
  • We shall follow closely the development of the situation.我们将密切注意形势的发展。
  • The two companies are closely tied up with each other.这两家公司之间有密切联系。
6 vase mKkzV     
n.花瓶,瓶
参考例句:
  • She knocked the vase off by accident.她不小心把花瓶打掉了。
  • I saw the vase in the window of a shop.我在一家商店的橱窗里看见了这个花瓶。
7 vehicles NfEzUN     
n.运载工具;传播媒介;(为展露演员才华而)特意编写的一出戏(或电影等);[画]展色剂;交通工具( vehicle的名词复数 );车辆;传播媒介;手段
参考例句:
  • There is not much clearance for vehicles passing under this bridge. 车辆在这座桥下通过时没有多少余隙。
  • to carry out random spot checks on vehicles 对车辆进行抽检
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