职称英语考试:理工类复习资料(二)
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How Animals Keep Warm
细节题概述
细节类题目在职称英语等级考试的阅读理解题中占的比例最大,涉及的内容也很广,因此,我们在复习应考时,应注意在该类题目上多下功夫。细节题常出why, when, where, what, who等疑问词引导的句子提问。
解答细节题的关键在于从问题中找出问题的标志词或关键词,然后迅速找出关键词在文章中的位置,以及包含所需信息的句子或短语。
细节类题目常见提问形式有:
What causes……?
Why does the author mention……?
How many……?
Where in the passage does the author describe……?
What time does the writer think is ……?
The author mentions that……?
The writer states……?
等等
下面看一下细节题的做题方法:
第三篇 How Animals Keep Warm(P123)
问题1.How does the dormouse defend itself against cold in winter?
1.Man has invented ways to keep warm, but how do animals defend (=protect) themselves? They cannot reason(推理) in the sense that man can, but nature has taken care of the animal kingdom(王国) by providing animals with special instincts(本能). One of these instincts is known as hibernation1(冬眠).
2.“Sleeping like a dormouse” is not only a common saying but is a reality. When winter comes, the dormouse and other hibernating2 animals have reached a well-nourished state.
A.It moves about to keep warm.
B.It grows thicker fur.
C.It sleeps continuously.
D.It goes to warmer areas.
问题2.What keeps animals alive during hibernation?
They eat very well in warmer days laying down fat in the tissues(组织) of their bodies and during hibernation this keeps them alive.
A.The fat stored in their bodies.
B.Their thick fur.
C.Their warm burrows4
D.Their deep sleeps.
问题3.During hibernation, animals breathe
Safe in their nests, or burrows(地洞), they sleep soundly until the warmth of spring arrives.
3.Bats, tortoises, snakes, frogs, even insects like butterflies, hibernate5 more or less completely. Some, like the squirrels, sleep during coldest weather but are roused by a warm spell(暖流). During hibernation, the temperature of an animal's body drops drastically (=considerably). Breathing and heart-beats almost cease (=stop).
A.normally
B.at a slower rate
C.at a faster rate
D.Leaving one's own country for another
问题4.According to the passage, what is “migration6”?
4.Another instinctive7 method of avoiding intense cold is to escape by means of migration. Wild swans, seagulls(海鸥), swallows(燕子) and cuckoos are a few of the very many kinds of birds which fly thousands of miles, twice a year, to avoid cold. Many animals, especially those of the Arctic regions, have summer and winter quarters. The Arctic deer of North America, as well as the reindeer8 of Europe, move southward towards the forests when winter approaches. They return to the northern area when the warmth of spring begins to be sensed.
A.Moving from one place to another with the season.
B.Living in burrows in winter.
C.Traveling in the winter months.
D.Leaving one's own country for another.
问题5.How do ermines survive in winter?
5.There are animals which do not attempt to leave at the first sign of winter cold. Their instinctive means of defense9 is to dig out a deep burrow3, made soft and warm by padding out(填充,填满) with straw, leaves, moss10 and fur. In it they have a “secret place” containing food which they hope will last the winter through! Animals which fall into this class include the Arctic fox, the rabbit and the ermine, and the little field-mice.
A.They leave their cozy11 burrows and migrate to warmer lands.
B.They sleep soundly inside their burrows in winter.
C.They dig out burrows and store them with enough food.
D.They stay in their burrows and live on the food stored there.
本题启示:阅读理解的出题顺序和文章的叙述顺序一般说来是一致的。在本篇阅读理解中,第一题出现在文章的第2段的前半部分,第二题出现在第2段的后半部分,第三题出现在第3段,第四题出现在第4段,第五题出现在第5段。


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1 hibernation cdjxK     
n.冬眠
参考例句:
  • Bears wake up in the spring after a winter of hibernation.熊经过一个冬天的冬眠后在春季苏醒。
  • The tortoise spends the winter months in hibernation.乌龟在冬眠中度过寒冬季节。
2 hibernating f80b5172f3c99212dfddbaaa9b2be0c3     
(某些动物)冬眠,蛰伏( hibernate的现在分词 )
参考例句:
  • The hibernating animals reduce movement to far below the ordinary level. 冬眠的动物把活动量大大减少到低于一般的水平。
  • People find hibernating animals asleep. 人们发现冬眠动物处于休眠状态。
3 burrow EsazA     
vt.挖掘(洞穴);钻进;vi.挖洞;翻寻;n.地洞
参考例句:
  • Earthworms burrow deep into the subsoil.蚯蚓深深地钻进底土。
  • The dog had chased a rabbit into its burrow.狗把兔子追进了洞穴。
4 burrows 6f0e89270b16e255aa86501b6ccbc5f3     
n.地洞( burrow的名词复数 )v.挖掘(洞穴),挖洞( burrow的第三人称单数 );翻寻
参考例句:
  • The intertidal beach unit contains some organism burrows. 潮间海滩单元含有一些生物潜穴。 来自辞典例句
  • A mole burrows its way through the ground. 鼹鼠会在地下钻洞前进。 来自辞典例句
5 hibernate SdNxJ     
v.冬眠,蛰伏
参考例句:
  • Bears often hibernate in caves.熊常在山洞里冬眠。
  • Some warm-blooded animals do not need to hibernate.一些温血动物不需要冬眠。
6 migration mDpxj     
n.迁移,移居,(鸟类等的)迁徙
参考例句:
  • Swallows begin their migration south in autumn.燕子在秋季开始向南方迁移。
  • He described the vernal migration of birds in detail.他详细地描述了鸟的春季移居。
7 instinctive c6jxT     
adj.(出于)本能的;直觉的;(出于)天性的
参考例句:
  • He tried to conceal his instinctive revulsion at the idea.他试图饰盖自己对这一想法本能的厌恶。
  • Animals have an instinctive fear of fire.动物本能地怕火。
8 reindeer WBfzw     
n.驯鹿
参考例句:
  • The herd of reindeer was being trailed by a pack of wolves.那群驯鹿被一只狼群寻踪追赶上来。
  • The life of the Reindeer men was a frontier life.驯鹿时代人的生活是一种边区生活。
9 defense AxbxB     
n.防御,保卫;[pl.]防务工事;辩护,答辩
参考例句:
  • The accused has the right to defense.被告人有权获得辩护。
  • The war has impacted the area with military and defense workers.战争使那个地区挤满了军队和防御工程人员。
10 moss X6QzA     
n.苔,藓,地衣
参考例句:
  • Moss grows on a rock.苔藓生在石头上。
  • He was found asleep on a pillow of leaves and moss.有人看见他枕着树叶和苔藓睡着了。
11 cozy ozdx0     
adj.亲如手足的,密切的,暖和舒服的
参考例句:
  • I like blankets because they are cozy.我喜欢毛毯,因为他们是舒适的。
  • We spent a cozy evening chatting by the fire.我们在炉火旁聊天度过了一个舒适的晚上。
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