语法知识——虚拟语气
文章来源: 文章作者: 发布时间:2007-09-01 08:28 字体: [ ]  进入论坛
(单词翻译:双击或拖选)
1.语气及其种类
  语气是动词的一种形式,它表示动词的作用和说话人的意图和态度。
  英语动词的语气分三种:陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。
  陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的。
  祈使语气表示动作或状态是说话人的建议、请求、命令等。
  虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。
  2.虚拟语气的形式
  虚拟语气有两种形式:be型虚拟语气和were型虚拟语气。Be 型虚拟语气是指不管主语是什么人称,动词一律用原形;were型虚拟语气是指不管主语是什么人称,动词一律用were(即过去时)。试比较:
  I hope1 you can go with us.(表示一种有可能实现的愿望)
  我希望你能同我们一起走。
  I wish you could2 go with us.(表示一种完全不能实现的愿望)
  我希望你能同我们一起走。
  虚拟语气的用法
  1.在非真实条件句中
  ⑴表示与现在事实相反:if从句用过去时,主句用should / would3 / could / might4加不定式。如:
  If she had5 time, she would / could / might go with you.
  如果她有时间,她就会/能和你去。
  ⑵表示与过去事实相反:if从句用过去完成体,主句用should / would / could / might加不定式完成体。如:
  If I had had the money last year, I should / would / could / might have bought a house.
  如果我去年有了这些钱,我就会/可能买一所房子了。
  ⑶表示未来实现可能性极小,if从句用should / were to,主句用should / would / could / might加不定式。如:
  If there should be / were / were to be something wrong, they would / could / might let you know at once.
  如果出了什么事,他们会/可能马上告诉你。
  2.在wish后的that从句中
  主要表示愿望,that常省略。如果指现在或将来的愿望,从句用过去时;如果指过去没有实现或不可能实现的愿望,从句用过去完成体。如:
  I wish it were summer now.
  现在要是夏天该多好。
  I wish I knew his address.
  (I am sorry I don‘t know his address.)
  可惜我不知道他的地址。
  I wish you had written to her.
  (I‘m sorry you didn’t write to her.)
  可惜你没写信给她。
  如果将wish改为wished,其后that从句中的时、体形式不变。试比较:
  I wish I hadn‘t spent so much money.
  (I am sorry I spent so much money.)
  I wished I hadn‘t spent so much money.
  (I was6 sorry I had spent so much money.)
  我后悔不该花那么多钱。
  如果that从句中用would,可以表示请求,通常表示说话人的不满或不快。如:
  The radio is too loud, I wish you would turn it down.
  我希望你能把收音机的音量调小一点儿。
  I wish it would stop raining.
  但愿雨能停下来。
  另外,与wish这种用法一致的还有would rather7(宁愿),would sooner(宁愿),had rather(宁愿)等词或短语后面的从句中,谓语动词应使用一般过去时,表示与现在相反的虚拟语气,表示与过去相反的也可用过去完成时。如:
  I would rather you came8 next month.
  我宁愿你下个月来。
  3.在主语从句中
  虚拟语气常用在以It is / was开头的复合句的主语从句中,表示要求、建议、命令、提议等,其谓语形式往往为“should+动词原形”,在美语中,常常省略should.如:
  It is necessary9 that he (should) be sent there at once.
  有必要马上派他到那里去。
  It is requested10 that the rules (should) be protected11.
  已请求章程是受保护的。


点击收听单词发音收听单词发音  

1 hope Kcwx9     
vt.希望,期望;vi.希望,期待;n.希望,期望
参考例句:
  • We hope you can come.我们希望你能来。
  • Hope you'll enjoy yourself there.愿您度过愉快的一天。
2 could lzvxe     
v.能,可能(can的过去式);aux.v.(can的过去式)能;可以
参考例句:
  • Could I open the window?我可以打开窗子吗?
  • I could wait ten minutes.我可以等十分钟。
3 would 8fPwB     
aux.will的过去式;愿,要;常常;大概;将要,会
参考例句:
  • Why would you say that?为什么你会这么说?
  • Would you please help me?你能帮帮我吗?
4 might BDmxl     
aux./v.(may的过去式)可能;可以,允许
参考例句:
  • It looks as if it might snow.看起来好像要下雪了。
  • Might I ask a question?我能问个问题吗?
5 had FeBxb     
vbl.have的过去式和过去分词;conj.有
参考例句:
  • I just had a good idea!我有个好主意!
  • The boy had a small branch of a tree in his hand.这个男孩手上拿一条小树枝。
6 was bglwv     
v.(is,am的过去式)是,在
参考例句:
  • He said he was right.他说他是正确的。
  • He was cold and hungry.他又冷又饿。
7 rather TTOx1     
adv.宁愿,宁可;相当
参考例句:
  • I would rather go out tonight,if you don't mind. 如果你不介意的话,我宁愿今晚出去。
  • This book is rather too easy for this boy.这本书对于这个孩子来说太简单。
8 came xTYyl     
v.动词come的过去式
参考例句:
  • I was surprised why he came here so early.他为什么那么早到这里,我很惊奇。
  • The doctor came in time to save his life.医生及时来抢救他的生命。
9 necessary UGJxo     
adj.必需的,必要的;n.(pl.)必需品
参考例句:
  • If necessary,give me a ring.如果需要,打个电话给我。
  • Sleep is necessary to health.睡眠对健康是必要的。
10 requested gkLzX2     
v.(下级对上级的)请求( request的过去式和过去分词 );请求得到;索取;邀请[常接不定式或从句]
参考例句:
  • Guests are requested to vacate their rooms by noon on the day of departure. 房客务请在离开之日的中午以前腾出房间。
  • The public are requested not to throw waste paper in the park. 公众被要求不得在公园里乱扔废纸。 来自《简明英汉词典》
11 protected Zkpzp1     
adj.受到保护的
参考例句:
  • The grating protected a window in the men's room. 格栅护着男厕所的一扇窗子。
  • Trees should be well protected from the cold during winter. 冬天要保护好树木以防冻坏。
TAG标签:
发表评论
请自觉遵守互联网相关的政策法规,严禁发布色情、暴力、反动的言论。
评价:
表情:
验证码:点击我更换图片