1998年城镇居民的收入和消费水平发生了很大的变化，人年均收入达到5160元，比上一年上升了3.4%。

In 1998, great changes took place in the income and consumption levels of urban residents. The yearly average income amounted to 5,160 yuan, increased by 3.4% than that of the previous year.

工人和职员在国营和集体企业里的收入仍是家庭的主要收入。从事科技工作的收入在全国12个主要行业中居第二位。他们的教育水平越高，收入也相应增加。

Incomes of workers and staff members in the state-owned enterprises and collective work-units are still the mainstay of families' income. The income of scientific and technology researchers stood second in 12 main trades in the country. Their incomes increase according to their education level.

最近几年，城镇居民消费结构由温饱型向小康型转变。1998年在服装上支出降低了4.4%，食品的质量有了提高，粮食消费相应降低。生活节奏的加快促使了餐饮的社会化，98年居民外出用餐的比例上升了10.4%。

In recent years, the consumption pattern of urban residents has transformed from subsistence to a comfortable life. For instance, in 1998, the money spent on clothing was 4.4 percent less and the quality of food was improved while the consumption of grain relatively¹ reduced. The accelerating rhythm of life has encouraged more socialization in food consumption. In 1998, the rate of people dining out increased by 10.4%.

浦东新区的崛起使这块黄金宝地成为海外投资的热点，如今投资金额已达530亿美金。

The rising of Pudong New District has turned the valuable place into a hot destination of overseas investment. Nowadays the investment volume has reached 53 billion US dollars.

2000年，政府批准了1800多家外资企业，在沪投资企业已达11000家，据官方数据统计，已有90多个国家和地区来沪投资。

In 2000, government approved more than 1,800 foreign-funded enterprises and the number of them has amounted to 11,000 in Shanghai. Official statistics showed that more than 90 countries and regions had come to invest in Shan ghai.

独资企业 solely-funded enterprise; 合资企业 joint² venture enterprise;

中国要从发展中国家成为发达国家就必须大力发展第三产业。

China must boost its tertiary industry to accomplish its transition from a developing country to a developed country.

虎丘山顶有一座7层塔，由于明朝的地面沉降使塔身倾斜了15度。如今，这座塔成为苏州的著名景观。

There is a 7 stories pagoda³ at the top of Tiger Hill. The subsidence during Ming Dynasty caused it to slant⁴ to an angle of 15 degrees. Today, the pagoda has become a famous scenic⁵ spot in Suzhou.

在上海, 超过50000的妇女从事纺织，建材，食品加工，化妆品和药品行业。

In Shanghai, more than 50,000 women are engaged in fields of textile, building material, food procession, cosmetic⁶ and chemicals.

建立于1953年的上海外国语学校是一所全日制寄宿学校，它附属于上海外国语大学

。

Founded in 1953, Shanghai foreign language school is a full-time⁷ boarding school, which is affiliated⁸ to Shanghai International Studies University.

中国是一个具有悠久历史的多民族国家。因此有很多节日，譬如春节，元宵节，中秋节，清明节，龙舟节等等。

China is a multi-ethnic group country with a long history. Thus there ar e a lot of festivals, such as Spring Festival, Lantern Festival, Mid-autumn Day, Pure-brightness Day, Dragon-boating Festival and so on.

中美两国在新世纪面临历史机遇，两国之间的合作范围广泛，其实1999年双边贸易金额已达650万美金。

China and US are facing historical opportunity in the new century. There is much these two countries can cope with. Actually in 1999, the sum of bilateral⁹ trades had reached 6.5 million US dollars.

外国人钟情于吃尽可能少加工过的天然食物。

Foreigners have shown particular interest in the natural food that requires the least possible amount of procession.

Phrases and Expressions:

苏绣 embroidery¹⁰

纺织工业 textile industry

1700年历史 the tradition of 1700 years

山清 水秀 怪石 beautiful mountain and lake, exotic rocks

"统得太死" channel sb. too much

美籍华人 Chinese-Americans

出租车站 taxi stand

家用电器 household appliance

这家新建的四星级宾馆是一家中美合资企业。由于它的先进管理和周到服务，每年它要招待许多来自海内外的游客。

The newly established four-star hotel is a Sino-US joint venture. Because of its advanced administration and good service, it hosts many quests and tourists of home and abroad every year.

自中国改革开放以来，我的家乡已经成为海内外投资的热点。

Since China's reform and opening up to outside world, our hometown has become the hot destination of both domestic and overseas investment.

2000年我家的人均收入达到12500，比1999年上升了4.8%，在教育与旅游上的消费分别上升了8.7%和5.9%。

In 2000, the yearly average income of each person in our family has reached 12,500 yuan, 4.8 percent higher than that of the previous year. Meanwhile the money spent on education and tourism increased by 8.7 percent and 5.9 percent respectively.

在我们公司，职员的收入取决于他的教育程度和对公司的贡献大小。

In our company, the salaries of staff members are decided¹¹ on the basis of their education levels and their contributions to the company.

以前，国营企业职工的收入取决于职位，学历和工龄。

In previous years, the salaries of staff members in state-owned enterprises are decided on the basis of title, education level and working-age.

自1997年以来，居住区领导努力发展服务行业，为280个下岗工人提供工作。去年该地区人均收入9860元，比前一年上升了6.7%。

Since 1997, leaders of this residential¹² area have made great efforts to develop the service-sector, providing 280 jobs for the laid-off workers. Last year, the yearly average of each person of this area amounted to 9,860 yuan, 6.7 percent more than that of the previous year.

自改革开放以来，该地区的领导很重视办学与教育。同时引进了不少刚从大学毕业的年轻人。

Since China's reform and opening up to outside world policy，leaders of this area have attached great importance to schooling¹³ and education. Meanwhile, they have absorbed quite a few young people who have just graduated from colleges.

我们的居住地已经成为一所老年大学。据统计，大约75%的退休教师，医生，工程师发挥余热，做出很大的贡献。这不仅促进了社区工作的发展，而且使居民间关系得益。

A community college for the elderly has been established in our residential area. According to calculations, about 75 percent of the retired¹⁴ teachers, doctors and engineers teach here and have contributed a lot, which has no t only promoted the development of our community work but also benefited the relationship among the residents.

中国的知识分子特别是年轻的知识分子从改革开放政策中受益非浅。从1998年至今，许多人公费或自费出国深造。近年来，他们中的许多人学成回国并在各自的领域走上

了领导岗位。

Chinese intellectuals especially young intellectuals have benefited a lot from the China's reform and opening up to outside world policy. Started from 1978, many of them went abroad for further study at the public expense or at their own. In recent years, many of them have come back at the completion of their study and become leaders in their own fields.

大华大学是一所成立于90年代初的民办大学。 10年来，培养了2000多名毕业生正活跃在上海地区各自的领域。

Dahua University is a non-government college, which was established in the early 1990s'. In the recent ten years, it has cultivated more than 2,000 graduates who are working hard at their own fields in Shanghai.

并非所有的精神病医院的护士都是女性，通常的男女比例是2比1。

All nurses in the mental hospitals are not female and in some cases the ratio of man to female is 2 to 1.

器官的移植不仅需要精确的外科手术而且要有稳定的器官来源。

The transplantation of organs not only involves delicate surgery but also needs regular supply of human organs.

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